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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Tarek FOUDA

The fourth industrial revolution that the world is witnessing in the field of technology casts a shadow over all aspects of life, which results in new types of distinct and advanced jobs and skills. The successful adoption of these new technologies can boost global productivity to the same extent that personal computers and the Internet achieved during the late 1990s. For investors, the fourth revolution offers opportunities for profit similar to the ones that preceded the ones that preceded it. Indeed, the owners of technology in this early stage of the industrial revolution are asking for very large prices for their technology, and because there are many oryx Data that can not artificial intelligence and robots being able to perform; leaving us an open society of the human element, in order to cope with the rapid changes has to be the transfer of knowledge and enhance leadership skills, creativity, and value judgments and the ability to adapt; to remain the most valuable skill through education, training and professional development. This creates many areas of work related to modern technologies that are rapidly invented by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, so cooperation between academic institutions and economic sectors must be developed to develop human resources capable of keeping pace with the digital transformation resulting from artificial intelligence, which also requires us to be a mirror of societal values and a reflection of them; thus It makes us entrusted with verifying the ethics and legitimacy of artificial intelligence in a way that serves security and occupational safety and serves social and economic goals. the training and education is the primary focus of any future strategy, education has had the greatest impact on the Fourth Industrial Revolution and influencing it, this digital transformation of the industry needs different teaching mechanisms and high-level professional skills; in order to keep pace with the nutrition of robotics systems and the complexities of artificial intelligence and also the future need for interaction skills Digital and communication skills with what's new. The knowledge revolution resulted in a society with special features called the knowledge society, which imposed a set of roles and responsibilities, and thus the transformation of universities in developed countries into investment universities, which made them required to change their structural, financial and administrative policy to change their outputs, which led to increased restrictions on universities, and also imposed competition between Universities in the production of knowledge so that the pressure on universities increased and they need to provide more knowledge because they are the only ones that provide human elements at the highest level to lead the community.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Mariyana SHISHKOVA

The LEADER approach/ Community Led - Local Development (CLLD) is one of the most effective tools for rural development at EU level. It enables empowerment of the population, involving all stakeholders in the decisionmaking process. The built trust and the growing role of the Local Action Groups (LAGs), through which the approach is applied, are a prerequisite for LEADER/ CLLD to become a key instrument for tackling the challenges facing the rural areas of Bulgaria. The aim of the study is, based on the analysis of the main factors influencing the results of the implementation of integrated strategies, to outline the opportunities for increasing the number of supported initiatives, as well as to formulate recommendations in the respective field. The study encompasses 34 LAGs operating on the territory of Southern Bulgaria. The results of the regression analysis reveal the following main factors determining the number of supported initiatives under the local development strategies: the experience of the LAGs, the type of strategy (single-fund or multi-fund support) and the ongoing communication with relevant government agencies.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 4
Written by Tetiana SHMATKOVSKA, Anzhela NIKOLAEVA, Myroslava ZABEDYUK, Yuliia SHEIKO, Yuliia GRUDZEVYCH

In the article it was found that during 2016-2019 in Ukraine the total productivity of agricultural workers increased, due to increased investment and technological renewal of agricultural production by large agricultural holdings. The main reason for this growth is the opening of access to Ukrainian agricultural enterprises to the markets of the European Union. Accordingly, the enterprises of the agricultural sector of Ukraine focus on the development of crop production, which is more attractive in terms of increasing profitability due to significant export opportunities. According to the obtained results, the amount of labour costs of employees in agricultural enterprises for the analysed period has generally more than doubled. In the article we have identified regional features of labour productivity of enterprises in the agricultural sector of Ukraine, in terms of studying the level of efficiency of staff use. We have substantiated the proposals for the introduction of a special algorithm in the activities of agricultural enterprises to ensure the efficiency of the management of their labour resources. We in the article proved that the improvement of the system of formation and use of labour resources of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine should also consider the identified regional disparities in the levels of labour productivity, in order to stimulate the productivity of enterprises in the regions with the lowest rates.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 4
Written by Maria-Mihaela ANTOFIE, Camelia SAND SAVA

Traditional home-gardens surveyed in villages of the historical province of Transylvania of Romania are dedicated for cultivating crops, fruit rees, shrubs and ornamental plants as well as inside and outside urban planning areas. They are connected to the semi-natural and natural andscapes and as a consequence their role in the biodiversity conservation is high. However, this concept in Romania is not yet defined. The cope of this article is to reveal the high diversity of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in Moșna commune from Sibiu county f Romania. Our results revealed that the commune is dominated for crops cultivation by maize, potatoes, and cabbage but not only. A series of rop species and landraces are unique for the region such as the 'Moșna cabbage’, the maize landraces 'Red of Moșna’ and 'Lăpușneag’. There re landowners experimenting new varieties or new introduced species improving their skills for implementing different agricultural practices nd saving seeds. Moreover, a series of other species are not officially recorded due to the constraints of the official forms in place. In his case they may become neglected crops species for the country at the official level. This situation can create the scene for ulnerabilities supporting their disappearance or crops erosion. It is the case of local carrots that disappeared due to the loosing of their apacity to save seeds as the species is cross pollinated. All these results support us to define the gastronomic footprint of the village as major component in the agricultural policy to support food security.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 4
Written by Maria-Mihaela ANTOFIE, Camelia SAND SAVA

Home-gardens survived in many villages in Romania especially in the historical province of Transylvania and the rich diversity of species an heir varieties recorded for vineyards, fruit trees and shrubs may further contribute to define the concept of traditional home-gardens. Mor han other cultivated species, vineyards and fruit trees that are positioned inside, or outside urban areas, are connecting these agro-ecosystems to the wild ecosystems in a very specific landscape, making possible the preservation of an impressive number of wild specie iversity for the region. The scope of this article is to record and discuss the diversity of domesticated species and their varieties relat o three groups of plant species such as following: vineyards, fruit trees and shrubs in Moșna commune, Sibiu county, Romania. Our results revealed that even the vineyards decreased 23 times compared to 1750, local community continued to cultivate the first hybrids that have bee ntroduced after the first attack of Phylloxera during the 19th century. Fruit tree species were also recorded in fossils excavated from hum ettlements in South Eastern Transylvania, the fruit diet being almost unchanged for so many centuries. This is the case also for bushes species that are towering all traditional home-gardens inside urban areas. However, the population expressed an obvious openness for testing nd integrating new varieties, new species as well to preserve all old inherited plant genetic resources for centuries supporting us to further define a new type of gastronomic footprint in the support of food security for the future.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 4
Written by Mary Cris F. PLEÑOS, Moises Neil V. SERIÑO, Fe M. GABUNADA, Nilda T. AMESTOSO

The study aimed to examine the catch productivity of selected fishers in Leyte, both from fishing grounds nearby Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and those far from MPAs. Descriptive analysis, nonparametric statistics, and regression analysis were the analytical tools used. Using data from 266 respondents, results showed that the average time spent per fishing day was 6.43 hours while the total travel time from the shoreline to fishing area per fishing trip was 1.41 hours. The average daily fish catch was 2.86 kg with a daily gross economic yield of PHP 476 (USD 9.46). Non-MPA fishers statistically took longer fishing days than MPA fishers. Controlling for several socio-economic variables and fishing characteristics, results of multiple regression analysis showed that fishing grounds near MPA sites have higher catch than fishing sites far from MPAs. Three regression models displayed a consistent positive influence of MPAs on fish catch rates. This outcome supports the fish spill over effect which influence high fish yield in adjacent fishing grounds to MPA sites. The results suggest for the establishment of more properly managed MPA sites to maintain healthy fish stocks and also increase catch among fishers.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Nataliia ZELISKO, Svitlana KOLACH, Ruslana MAGIJOVYCH, Orysia VASYLYNA

The article presents the results of research of theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of marketing mechanism formation of agricultural enterprises development. The essence of the notion «marketing mechanism of agricultural enterprises development» is defined. This mechanism is considered as a set of management levers of economic, organizational, analytical and diagnostic aspiration, means, principles, methods and marketing tools, which are used in the activity management, directed to the transformation of enterprise potential into the concrete production results, capable to satisfy the consumers' needs at the market, providing the agricultural producers with the weighty levers in competitive fight. The suggestions concerning the methodical approaches to the evaluation of the marketing mechanism efficiency of agricultural enterprises development are formulated. They provide for the complex analysis of application efficiency of structural components of this mechanism, which are: market segmentation and choice of target segments; positioning of agricultural enterprise production; formation of effective assortment policy; formation and realization of strategy of bringing new products to the market; differentiation of price policy; optimization of sales system; construction of effective communication policy. The assessment of these components will make it possible to identify potential opportunities for the improvement of some of them. Methodical approaches to the estimation of marketing instruments influence and intangible assets on the formation and use of marketing potential of agricultural enterprises are worked out in the article. With the help of correlation-regression analysis a number of interdependencies between the investigated features has been revealed. The proposals regarding the allocation of agricultural enterprises with high, medium, satisfactory and low level of marketing potential use are formulated. The proposed gradation and its implementation methodology makes it possible to assess the impact of marketing potential on the market position of agricultural enterprises.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 4
Written by Mykola POVOD, Oksana KRAVCHENKO, Andriy GETYA, Valeriy ZHMAILOV, Olekasndr MYKHALKO, Olga KORZH, Tatiana KODAK

The optimal pre-slaughter live weight of pigs for fattening in the conditions of an industrial pig complex in Ukraine was determined and its influence on the quality of pig carcasses was investigated. For the study, 80 heads of young pigs were selected, of which 32 were pigs and 48 were boars. Boars were surgically castrated at the age of 2 days. During fattening, all animals had free access to food and water. Pigs were fattened in group pens for 20-25 heads on a completely slotted floor. Feeding was carried out with complete feed of own production in the wet type. When the animals reached the age of 170 days, depending on live weight, they were divided into 3 groups: Group I - 85-95 kg; Group II - 100-110 kg, Group III - 115-120 kg and slaughtered at the meat plant. The results of slaughter were used to determine the main slaughter characteristics of pigs in accordance with generally accepted methods. After measurement, the carcasses were cut into pieces and evaluated for the yield of lean pork by deboning. As a result of the study, it was found that with the increase of ante-mortem live weight, the carcass yield of carcasses also increased. In all weight groups, pigs outnumbered boars in slaughter yield. At the same time, pig carcasses lost more weight during cooling compared to castrates (0.2-0.4%). The carcasses of castrated animals had a thicker fat, measured at different points on the carcass (0.1 to 3.6 mm above the first thoracic vertebra and 0.8 to 3.3 mm above 6-7 thoracic vertebrae). Further analysis of the carcasses showed that the ratio of valuable parts of carcasses does not change significantly with increasing pre-slaughter live weight of animals. The mass fraction of tenderloin, neck, shoulder, loin and ham was higher in pig carcasses, while in castrates only the proportion of brisket was higher. In general, the weight of meat from the four main cuts in pigs was significantly higher than in castrates (group I - 58.4 against 52.2%; group II - 56.6 against 55.5%; group III - 58.3 against 56.6%). Analysis of the morphological composition of the carcasses showed an increase in meat content with increasing pre-slaughter live weight. In particular, in animals with a live weight of 115-120 kg, the proportion of meat in the carcass was 68.6 ± 0.34 in castrates and 71.0 ± 0.59% in pigs.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Wen XUEZHOU, Rana Yassir HUSSAIN, Haroon HUSSAIN, Muhammad SAAD, Rehan Sohail BUTT

This study aims at investigating, from a perspective of agriculture linked firms, the impact of leverage structure on the probability of corporate financial distress with the moderating role of asset tangibility. A panel data logit regression model used to estimate the relationship between capital structure, debt maturity structure, and financial distress while controlling the effects of acclaimed variables like firm size, taxes, and profitability. The data set consists of 187 agriculture linked non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) over five years (2013-2017). The results reveal that asset tangibility negatively moderates the relationship between debt maturity structure and the probability of financial distress, but no such evidence found for the relationship between capital structure and financial fragility. Results suggest lessening the reliance on short term debt in the leverage structure. This research implies that policymakers at managerial levels should have less reliance on short term debt to abate rollover risk. Productive fixed assets can act as collateral without a considerable rise in associated fixed costs. The current study evaluated the moderating role of tangible assets on the relationship of debt maturity structure and the possibility of financial distress along with the previously addressed link of capital structure and the chances of financial distress. A sample of agriculture-linked corporate entities is also unexplored in previous literature.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Nathaniel Siji OLUTEGBE, Mamadou Alpha BAH

The West Africa Agricultural Productivity Programme (WAAPP) is an agricultural and development agenda aimed at reducing hunger and poverty amongst the ECOWAS nations. Maize is an emphasis crop being promoted by the WAAPP, Republic of Guinea. The WAAPP was therefore investigated for Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) effectiveness among maize farmers in Mamou, Republic of Guinea. A total of 176 beneficiary maize farmers were selected through a three-stage sampling procedure, and information was obtained using a well-structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using mean, t–test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at α0.05. Subsidy on fertilizer, supply of improved maize seeds, training on pest management and fertiliser application were the most accessed project deliverables. The context-input, process and product phases of the project objective hierarchy were rated effective, with average yield of 1.37 tonnes/ha among beneficiaries, compared to the national average of 1.29tonnes/ha. Farmers’ perceived effectiveness of the WAAPP significantly correlated with maize yield. Hence, the WAAPP in Guinea is concluded to be characterized by consistency, ensuring that the identified maize production needs were sufficiently addressed, resulting in improved yield.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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