ISSN 2284-7995, ISSN Online 2285-3952
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4
Written by Petar BORISOV, Teodor RADEV, Kamen PETROV, Rezear KOLAJ, Ekaterina ARABSKA

The current study is focused on evaluation of competitive advantage of the wine sector as main driver of economic development of rural areas in Bulgaria. The rural development and specialization of viticulture in Bulgarian rural areas are evaluated in chronological aspect. The Porter’s model of determinants of competitive advantage is used as main methodological tool in the current study. The basic factors, which are situated as determinants of competitiveness of rural regions are those that boost the regional development of viticulture and wine industry in rural regions of the country. The specific between industry links, which are the basis for sustainable development and competitiveness, are derived and the comparative advantages are assessed by deriving a comparative index of export advantages, a comparative index of import advantages and an index of relative trade advantages. A comprehensive analysis of the constraints and opportunities for competitive development of viticulture and wine industry in the rural areas has been made. Using the approach of focus groups of experts the main determinants for rural development of the sectors is outlined. The analysis of the competitiveness of the wine sector is considered by taking into account the impact of the processes of specialization, concentration and integration of industries in the sector. As a result of these processes in the sector, specific inter-industry relations are determined, which are the basis for sustainable development of competitiveness.

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BORISOV P., RADEV T., PETROV K., KOLAJ R., ARABSKA E. 2023, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE VITICULTURE AND WINE SECTOR WITHIN THE BULGARIAN REGIONS . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 121-138.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4
Written by Agatha POPESCU, Cristina TINDECHE, Alina MARCUTA, Liviu MARCUTA, Adelaida HONTUS, Mirela STANCIU

The goal of this study is the analysis of the dynamics of milk production, yield and dairy cows in Romania in the period 2013-2022. The empirical data were provided by National Institute of Statistics and were processed using the fixed basis index, and concentration method based on Herfindahl-Hirschman index, graphical representation of the regression equations and R square. The results confirmed the general declining trend in milk production which reached 35,300 thousand hl in 2022, being by 9.1% smaller than in 2013. The bovine livestock also decline and the number of dairy cows decreased, in 2022 accounting for 1,075.6 thousands heads by 9.2% smaller than in 2013. Milk yield in Romania also declined in the analyzed interval by 7.6% from 3,643.8 kg in 2013 to 3,367 kg per cow in 2022. Milk yield in Romania is the smallest in the EU-27, being twice lower than the EU mean accounting for 7,653 kg/cow. The factors which led o such a critical situation in dairy farming have been: the non corresponding farm structure, where 80% are small farms raising 1-2 cows, 13% have 2-5 cows and just 0.32% of farms raise over 50 cows. Also, during the last years, climate change in terms of low precipitations and long and severe drought affected forage production. Farm inputs price increased by 70% which led to high production costs that the low milk price of Lei 1.4-1.8 imposed by milk processors could not covered. The degree of concentration of milk production and of the number of dairy cows in Romania is enough small, ranging between 015-0.20 reflecting a moderate concentration. The subsidies per animal and milk were not enough to save the situation, and in consequence, a part of farms failed and other farms sold their animals to slaughterhouses. To avoid milk imports which have significantly raised during the years 2021-2022, the breeders have to be sustained by consistent subsidies to help their cows to produce more milk as dairy cows farming is in the most critical situation as never before.

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POPESCU A., TINDECHE C., MARCUTA A., MARCUTA L., HONTUS A., STANCIU M. 2023, CONCENTRATION TRENDS IN MILK PRODUCTION AND NUMBER OF DAIRY COWS IN ROMANIA, 2013-2022 . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 677-688.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4
Written by Daniel Ioan CHICIUDEAN, Ioan Sebastian BRUMA, Lucian CUIBUS, Iulia Diana ARION, Gabriela Ofelia CHICIUDEAN

The paper aimed to present the consumer perception on the local gastronomical points given their novelty on the market and their huge importance for the rural development. A study was conducted among the population of Cluj County using an online questionnaire. Results indicate that the consumers are preoccupied to consume local food and drinks when they travel to rural destinations. There is a positive attitude towards the LGPs among the respondents which find very attractive all the LGPs characteristics meaning serving traditional meals made from local raw materials within the locals kitchens. For a traditional local menu with a limited assortment the consumers are willing to pay between 31-45 lei. The respondents consider that the LGPs are important within the rural areas and their creation represents an opportunity both for tourism development and for rural resident’s incomes.

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CHICIUDEAN D.I., BRUMA I.S., CUIBUS L., ARION I.D., CHICIUDEAN G.O. 2023, CONSUMER PERCEPTION ON THE LOCAL GASTRONOMICAL POINTS . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 185-194.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4
Written by Liliana CIMPOIEȘ, Maria GRUBLEAC

The agricultural sector in Moldova is highly exposed to natural factors and hazards, resulting in uncertain incomes and high production volatility. Crop insurance plans against different risks plays a crucial role in supporting farmers' yield and revenues. The aim of this paper is to assess the development of subsidizing production risk insurance policy as a method to enhance agricultural resilience and alleviate the effects of climate change in Moldova. The analyzed data is based on the analysis of regulatory documents for policies regarding subsidizing productions risks insurance. For data analysis, secondary data provided by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and Agency of Interventions and Payments in Agriculture (AIPA) was used. The data refer to the amount of subsidies applications for risks insurance, insured areas cultivated with different crops and its harvests, main risks insured by farmers, distribution of subsidies for risks insurance by development regions and the insurance companies. The subsidization of crop production risk insurance in Moldova has played a vital role in bolstering agricultural resilience and minimizing the adverse effects of climate change. By offering assistance to farmers and promoting the implementation of risk management practices, the government's objective is to stabilize income levels and promote sustainable growth in the agricultural sector. Nevertheless, it is crucial to continuously monitor and evaluate these policies to ensure their efficacy and fair distribution of subsidies across various regions and insurance providers.

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CIMPOIES L., GRUBLEAC M. 2023, CROP PRODUCTION SUBSIDIZED RISKS INSURANCE FOR ENHANCING AGRICULTURAL RESILIENCE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN MOLDOVA. Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 195-202.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4
Written by Julia DOITCHINOVA, Elitsa LAZAROVA

The goal of the paper is to analyze and evaluate the demographic development trends in Bulgaria as well as to identify demographically problematic rural areas and the consequences of their development. Based on information from the National Statistical Institute, the demographic processes in the rural areas of Bulgaria for the period 2011-2021 are analyzed. The obtained results show the high rate of population decline in some regions of Bulgaria and the unfavorable values of the coefficients for demographic dependence and replacement. Rural areas of our country are experiencing faster depopulation than cities. This leads to significant territorial disparities in the manifestation of the observed processes. The last part emphasizes the need to implement regional demographic policies aimed at stimulating families with children and reforming professional education. It is also recommended to implement a proactive immigration policy to attract Bulgarians living abroad and immigrants from third countries with the necessary educational and professional qualifications to reduce the negative effects of the labor shortage in rural areas.

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DOITCHINOVA J., LAZAROVA E. 2023, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES AND INEQUALITIES: REGIONAL DIFFERENCES WITH A FOCUS ON RURAL AREA IN BULGARIA . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 261-270.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4
Written by Tarek FOUDA, Eltaher MADY, Nouri AL BAY, Ashraf SWIDAN, Shimaa SALAH

The objective of this study was the possibility of using IR images to detect lead toxicity for Cabbage and lettuce crops. Lead Pb-contaminated were watered with 3 levels of (2, 4,and 6 mg/lit). To distinguish the heavy metal contamination and their impact on vegetative characteristics. For plants, the results showed a poisoning level (2mg/liter). The maximum MTD and NRCT values were 6.3 and 4, respectively. The lowest values under the same level of poisoning were 0.89 and 0.01. The greatest MTD and NRCT values at the poisoning level (4 mg/liter) were 5.3 and 2.5, respectively. The lowest values at the same level of poisoning were 0.19 and 0.07. Additionally, at the same time period with the same poisoning level (6 mg/liter), the maximum values for MTD and NRCT were 5.8 and 0.24, and the lowest values were 1.5 and 0.1. C. For lettuce plants, at a toxic dose of 2 mg/liter. The MTD and NRCT values ranged from 6.2 and 1.5 to 0.2 and 0.09 at the same amount of poisoning, respectively. Intoxication (4 mg/liter). In poisoning level (4mg/liter) the highest values for MTD and NRCT were 3.2 and 1.87 also the minimum value in the same level of poisoning were 0.2 and 0.08. And in the same period with poisoning level (6mg/liter) the highest values for MTD and NRCT were 2.88 and 1.55 also the minimum value in the same level of poisoning were 0.22 and 0.05. Linear regression analysis was performed to predict MTD and NRCT at different days were done .The maximum value of cabbage temperature of air, soil, canopy, and leaf was 35, 30, 27, and 23 °C, also showed the minimum value for the same indices were 17.4, 16.2, 15.5 and 14.5 °C, in poisoning level (2mg/liter). In poisoning level (4mg/liter) the maximum value of cabbage temperature of air, soil, canopy, and leaf were 40, 35, 28, and 31 C, also showed the minimum value for the same indices were 14, 15, 16. and 17.9 °C. While the maximum value of lettuce temperature of air, soil, canopy, and leaf was 33.6, 30.6, 28.6, and 26 °C, also showed the minimum value for the same indices were 18.9, 17.8, 15.4 and 13.6 °C, in poisoning level (2mg/liter). In poisoning level (4mg/liter) the maximum value of Lettuce temperature of air, soil, canopy, and leaf were 40, 32.7, 28.6, and 26 °C, also showed the minimum value for the same indices were 24, 21, 18. and 13.7 °C.

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FOUDA T., MADY E., AL BAY N., SWIDAN A., SALAH S. 2023, DETECTING LEAD TOXICITY OF CABBAGE AND LETTUCE CROPS BY USING INFRARED IMAGES . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 343-352.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4
Written by Emmanuel Oben NJOCK, Majory MELIKO, Raoul Fani Choumbou DJOMO

The importance of crop diversification and its scope is underscored by the contribution that agriculture makes to the development of other economically productive industries. This study was conducted to evaluate the reasons behind crop diversification, its degree, and the variables affecting it among small and medium-sized farmers in Cameroon. Through a multi-stage sampling process, 457 small-scale farmers and 163 medium-scale farmers in total were sampled. The degree of crop diversity was evaluated using descriptive statistics, and the factors affecting crop diversification among small and medium farmers were identified using the Tobit regression model. The analysis revealed that crop diversification was high for both small and medium scale farmers, with a mean Herfindahl index of 0.44 and 0.38 respectively. As a result of the rising need for food production to address the problem of hunger, poverty, and malnutrition levels in the nation, the results also showed that the production of cassava and cocoyam, as well as the household size, had a positive and substantial effect on crop diversification. Credit usage and household size were found to have a favorable and significant impact on crop diversification for medium-scale farmers, suggesting that family labor and access to credit encourage farmers to diversify their crops and enhance their well-being. Emphasis on training and credit accessibility should be encouraged to increase cassava and cocoyam output.

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NJOCK E.O., MELIKO M., DJOMO R.F.C. 2023, DETERMINANTS AND EXTENT OF CROP DIVERSIFICATION AMONG SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE FARMERS IN CAMEROON . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 581-588.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4
Written by Utpal Kumar DE, Ratna Kumari TAMANG

The largest agrarian state in India’s North-East, Assam exhibited varied growth of agrarian technology at regional level since 1950. The growth of modern technology in agriculture is expected to work as impetus to agricultural productivity and farmers’ welfare. Adoption of technology such as improved seed variety and use of machine has resulted in increase in yield of winter rice. Striking difference in yield could be observed between adopters and non-adopters of technology. Ordered Logit model is applied to estimate the impacts of different factors on the adoption of agricultural technology. The result reveals that cultivated area, yield and the experience of farmers have significant positive impacts on the adoption of modern technology for the cultivation of winter rice. The findings are in support of building agrarian infrastructure and facilitation for adoption and suitable technological transformation for the enhancement of yield and sustainable agricultural progress.

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DE U.K., TAMANG R.K. 2023, DETERMINANTS OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION IN CULTIVATION OF WINTER RICE IN ASSAM: AN ORDERED LOGIT ANALYSIS . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 227-238.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4
Written by Simona Ionela SIPICĂ (ALDEA), Elena TOMA, Alexandru SIPICĂ

This study examined the variables that influenced instructors' and students' conduct over the 2020–2022 school year. A questionnaire that was given to 100 pre-university students and 100 teachers in 2022 was used to gather the results (over half of them were from rural areas). Principal components analysis was used to find the identified factors. Two main elements were discovered in grouping models for teachers and students following the inquiry. The results demonstrated that, for teachers, the most important tasks during the pandemic were effectively using computers and the effort needed to complete this step; for students, on the other hand, the online component of teaching and interacting with parents and other students were the most important tasks.

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SIPICA (ALDEA) S.I., TOMA E., SIPICA A. 2023, DETERMINING FACTORS AFFECTING THE ABILITY OF TEACHERS AND PUPILS TO ADAPT TO TECHNOLOGY BETWEEN 2020 AND 2022. Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 793-798.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4
Written by Atef SWELAM, Ahmed EMARA, Tarek FOUDA

The locally manufactured small-scale agricultural machinery in Egypt has recently acquired high importance in order to localize technology and innovation at the farm level. This study aims to design a cost-effective multi-seed planting raisedbed machine to rationalize water use and enhance land productivity in the Nile Delta of Egypt. The small farmers will adopt this technique to enable water, energy, seeds, and effort saving. The design of the machine went through a systematic process of tests to ensure that the design fit for purpose considering a set of design criteria such as soil type, crop type, and varieties as well as seeds size, planting rates, roads networks, farm sizes, cost-effectiveness, and available existing traction forces. The analyses using SolidWorks, a solid modelling computer-aided design and engineering application program, and Ansys simulation software were carried out to the loads and stresses subjected to different parts of the machine in order to identify the proper thickness and materials to manufacture the machine. Based on the stress and strain analysis, the machine structure and its components were designed. The main components of the machine include the main skeleton, seed drill box, planter seed box, feeding chambers, and cells as well as a feeding tube, gearbox, ditchers, ground-driving wheel and transmission mechanism, and mounting triangle. After building the machine components, various investigations were performed by subjecting the used materials to ascending loads to analyze shearing force, normal stress, shear stress, strain, and strength analysis in a micro meshes scale in all machine components. These tests enabled the identification of deformations, equivalent elastic strain, and Safety factor on different machine parts. The simulated values of the machine’s parts in thicknesses and dimensions were in good correspondence and consistency with the actual design values. The model showed that the boundary conditions were accurate and rational, and it would provide a scientific basis for the optimum design of the raisedbed machine under multiple and interlinked loads.

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SWELAM A., EMARA A., FOUDA T. 2023, DEVELOPMENT OF RAISEDBED MACHINE FOR SMALL-SCALE FARMERS TO IMPROVE WATER USES EFFICIENCY IN IRRIGATED ECOSYSTEMS . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 4, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 815-832.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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