Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 17 ISSUE 2
Written by Mihai BERCA, Roxana HOROIAŞ, Gabriel PĂSCUŢ

To produce one ton of wheat, the crop consumes an amount of 22- 26 kg N, depending on the variety (protein content), but also on the climatic conditions, influencing the assimilation of chlorophyll. In Romania, the nitrogen is commonly applied in two forms: nitrates and urea. Less often, nitrogen solutions are used. For more than 7 years, agricultural practice, looking to increase the efficiency of agricultural nitrogen nutrition, publicly raises the issue regarding the most effective form of nitrogen for the wheat crop and its quality. This subject is also current for the European agriculture. For a long time it has been considered that the difference between the two forms of fertilization, at the same amount of active substance, is insignificant. Recent researches conducted in Europe (France, Germany, England) have statistically demonstrated that nitrogen as nitrate is superior to urea, at the same dose of nitrogen, with about 500 kg wheat/ha and up to 0.7% protein content. At the same time, ammonium nitrate is up to 50% less polluting than urea. Burnas Plain research, carried out during 2014-2016 with two wheat varieties, Arnold and Adesso, with nitrogen doses from 0 to 200 kg/ha, have highlighted the superiority of ammonium nitrate, with increases of 3.1-5.1 q/ha, at higher doses to Arnold variety. The differences in ammonium nitrate favour are smaller for Adesso variety, namely 1.4 q/ha, regardless of dosage. The protein content brought in addition by nitrate is 0.36% for Arnold and 0.56 for Adesso variety. In average for the two varieties, yield gain variation is between 2.25 q/ha (N40) and 3.31 q/ha (N200), while the protein increase brought by nitrate is 0.35% at N40 and 0.47% at N200.

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