Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 22 ISSUE 4
Written by Raisa VOZHEHOVA, Serhii ZAIETS, Oleksandr RUDIK, Vira BOROVYK, Stanislav HOLOBORODKO, Tetiana MARCHENKO, Serhii YUZIUK, Liudmyla ONUFRAN, Kateryna FUNDYRAT, Liubov BOIARKINA

This article presents the results of research on the formation of phytocenosis of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the autumn period, varietal characteristics and sowing dates in irrigated lands in the South of Ukraine. Based on long-term research on irrigated lands on the growth and development of plants in the autumn growing season and increasing winter hardiness of winter barley varieties, it has been established that irrigation efficiency has significantly increased over the past twenty years due to regional climate change. Moreover, the extended period of autumn vegetation requires a change in the timing of sowing of winter crops on 13-15 days later. Domestic breeders have created new varieties of winter wheat and winter barley with a short period of vernalization, which are less responsive to the reduction of daylight hours, and some of them have increased winter hardiness.On average, in 1998-2001, the shift in the sowing date of winter barley from September 20 to October 15 led to a deterioration of growth processes, and during the last sowing period, tillering did not occur in the autumn. Among the biomorphological indicators of barley plants there is a close correlation between bushiness, ground mass of plants and their height (r = 0.94-0.99). Compared to the period 1971-1990, the sum of average daily air temperatures in 2001-2005 increased by 110°C, in 2006-2010 – by 191°C, in 2011-2015 – by 222°C and in 2016-2020 – 220°C, and the autumn growing season increased by 8, 10, 15 and 13 days, respectively. On the other hand, the amount of precipitation in most cases was less than the long-term average. During the sowing of winter barley on September 20, the varieties of the winter barley Akademichnyi, Deviatyi val and Dostoinyi have time to carry out tillering well in autumn, forming 3.5–5.2 shoots. During the sowing on October 1, their bushiness was 2.3–3.2, and during the sowing on October 20, the plants do not have time to carry out tillering well, they enter the winter in the phase of 2-3 leaves. For high hardening of winter barley plants and accumulation of sugars in bushes at the level of 30.22-38.8%, the best time for sowing of the studied varieties is the beginning of October.

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