Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 25 ISSUE 2
Written by Mariana I. LUNGU (IACOBUŢĂ), Adrian TUREK-RAHOVEANU

In the context of the dynamics of the agricultural land market in Romania, the right of pre-emption is a crucial instrument for protecting both the state's economic and social interests and those of the local communities. This article analyses the evolution of this right in national regulations, from the first post-1989 regulations to the recent amendments to the European and national laws. Materials, data sources, and research methods used encompassed legislative texts, government and institutional reports, statistical databases on real estate transactions, and official publications from national and European institutions. First of all, it discusses the purpose of the pre-emption right in preventing speculative acquisitions and in protecting agricultural resources,which are vital for national food security. The article also addresses the economic and social implications of these regulations, including the impact on potential investors, but also the possible effects on rural area development. Finally, it presents the current legislative challenges to ensure a balance between protecting agricultural resources and stimulating investments in the agricultural sector. Main results and conclusions show that the development of the pre-emption right in Romania has been gradual, with significant legislative changes. Despite this, land fragmentation remains high, transaction volumes and land prices continue to rise, and challenges such as incomplete cadastral registration, ageing rural populations, and limited access to financing persist.

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