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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 2
Written by Cristina ROŞU, Ioana PISTEA, Carmen ROBA, Monica NES, Alexandru OZUNU

In the present study, a hydrochemical investigation was conducted in a rural area from Cluj County, Romania, inorder to determine the chemical composition of groundwater and to evaluate if the investigated water sources canbe used for drinking or agriculture purposes. Several groundwater samples were collected from fifteen wells inorder to analyze the major dissolved ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, F-, Cl-, Br-, NO2-, NO3-, PO43- and SO42-). Theanalyzed waters proved to have a low level of sodium (0.27 - 41.87 mg/l), magnesium (0.11 – 25.17 mg/l), calcium(0.59 – 117.30 mg/l), chloride (3.33 – 97.68 mg/l) and sulphate (4.42 – 132.80 mg/l), and a high level of potassium(0.22 – 22.59 mg/l), nitrites (detected only in one sample - 1.36 mg/l), nitrate (6.58 – 92.96 mg/l), fluoride (0.24 –1.40 mg/l) and phosphate (12.44 –18.26 mg/l). The possibility of using these waters for agricultural purposes hasbeen assessed by calculating the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). The results of the present study indicate that theuse for agricultural purposes of some of the analyzed groundwater represent no threat for vegetation, as the SARlevel was lower than 3.0.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 2
Written by Rodica Elena CULEA, Radiana TAMBA-BEREHOIU, Stela POPESCU, Ciprian–Nicolae POPA

The aim of this research, in order to meet the quality standards of drinks derived from wines, was the establishmentof heavy metals pollution (Pb , Cd and Cu) of some varieties of wine from the 2007 harvest, in the Ostrov vineyard,namely: Fetească Albă , Sauvignon Blanc and Riesling Italian. We also analyzed the heavy metal content ofhydroalcoholic macerates of plants in 45 % and 60 % alcohol (2 recipes: recipe I with 16 plants taken fromRomanian native flora and recipe II with 6 ingredients containing especially bitter substances), used subsequentlyto obtain flavoured and vermouth type wines from the studied varieties. Heavy metals were determined by atomicabsorption spectrometry (AAS ). The research results show that the Italian Riesling variety had the highest valuesfor heavy metals, ie 51.9 ppb Pb, 1.60 ppb Cd and 12.2 ppb Cu. The less " polluted " variety of wine with Cd (0.10ppb) and Cu ( 9.4 ppb) was Fetească Albă. Regarding the hydroalcoholic macerates, the one obtained from theplants in recipe I had a higher content of Pb , Cd and Cu (15.6 ppb Pb , 0.78 ppb Cd and 355 ppb Cu) andmacerates in 60 % alcohol had higher concentrations of heavy metals as compared with the macerates in 45 %alcohol. In conclusion , although heavy metals were found in both wines and in hydroalcoholic macerates, thepollution with heavy metals did not exceed the limits allowed by law.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 2
Written by Bojana BEKIĆ, Marko JELOČNIK, Jonel SUBIĆ

Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) is the most studied insect pollinator in the world, due to its extremely important rolein the plant reproduction. More than 80% of agricultural crops in the world are being pollinated by the honey bee.Prior to appearance of CCD syndrome, i.e. syndrome of Colony Collapse Disorder of honey bee colonies, bees havebeen disappeared en masse. Since the late 60’s of the XIX century, there were about twenty recorded cases of largehoney bee colony loses, caused by various diseases. However, since 2006, the phenomenon never seen before in theworld appeared which was called CCD syndrome. The difference between this „disease” and previous cases ofhoney bee disappearances lies in the fact that there are no dead bees as evidence of disease. Beekeepers find empty,abandoned hives with only queen bee, brood and very small number of adult workers, where the largest part ofworker bees had left the colony. There is a lot of food, honey and pollen, left in the hive. Mentioned syndrome wasfirstly appeared in the USA, where, for only one week, certain number of large beekeepers reported losses of 50-90% of their bee colonies. Soon, syndrome was noticed in Europe, where in many countries larger disappearance ofhoney bees were reported. Exact cause of CCD syndrome appearance is not known, but assumptions includeindividual impact of more factors or, more likely, their synergistic effect. Hypothesis related to causes of mentionedsyndrome include the impact of traditional honey bee diseases caused by varroa mites and other parasites, excessivepesticides consumption in agricultural production, genetically modified organisms, electromagnetic radiation, poorhoney bee nutrition, crops growing in monoculture and biodiversity loss. Nowadays, a number of researchers thinkthat it is a synergy of many factors, so that the bees as a bio-indicator reflect current state of environment in theworld. Economic estimations of damages caused by potential disappearance of this species count billions dollar,where the consequences do not consider just monetary loss, but the impact on agro food safety of the worldpopulation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 2
Written by Camelia TOMA, Crina TURTOI, Camelia GAVRILESCU

In Romania semi-subsistence agriculture prevails and is rich in rural human resources, in terms of numbers, butstill poor in terms of their quality and professionalism. Therefore, increasing the competitiveness of semisubsistencefarms may be achieved also through the educational enhancement (technological, economic andmanagerial) of the small farmers. Measure 141 "Supporting semi – subsistence farms" aims to increase theproduction volume for marketing and diversification of the production according to market requirements and, aswell, to introduce new products, in the endeavors for semi-subsistence farms to become economically viable. Thisresearch study is based on a brief analysis of the official data on the progress of Measure 141, as well as on aquantitative and qualitative analysis of a sample of over 1,000 farmers involved in semi-subsistence farming, whoare carrying out projects under this measure and have attended lectures on information and professional training ineconomics. The sample was stratified by various socio-professional criteria and selected by statistical step,representing 30% of the studied population segment. All these criteria were correlated and analyzed according tothe minimum initial knowledge of farmers at the beginning of the course, in the single-entry bookkeeping, after aperiod of at least two years after implementation. Due to the highly heterogeneous level of education, in many casesnon-agricultural and without economic knowledge, small authorized farmers were forced by the newly createdcircumstances to adapt and cope on-going, more or less correctly and thoroughly, to the new accounting, tax andmanagement requirements. For many farmers, information and professional training, especially in the single-entrybookkeeping, were provided often too late, in the third year of the project, so they it marked the proper use of thefinancial support and the quality of the farm management and marketing of agricultural products. From data andinformation analysis it resulted that a large part of farmers who accessed Measure 141 failed to meet intermediateverification of project implementation, especially in the absence of part or all of the simple-entry bookkeepingneeded for transposing the business plans for the first three years and lead to the early finalizing of the financingprojects.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 2
Written by Liudmila TODOROVA, Olga SÂRBU

The future of the rural world has been the subject of much research in Europe and a large number of reports havebeen written on this subject. For the European Union, which aims to support rural development, it is essential toprecisely define what a rural area is and even distinguish several different types of rural area. Rural areas arefacing major challenges today which arise mainly from globalization, demographic change and the rural migrationof young, well-trained people. Policies for rural areas aim to contribute to recognizing and making use of strengthsand opportunities. Innovations have a direct influence on the level of welfare and satisfaction of each rural citizenand whole society. EU policies concerning innovations are aimed at transforming the European Union into aleading economy based on knowledge.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 2
Written by Corina CRUCERU

The orientation of research activity of present situation regarding the current level of financial credit in rural areasof the Olt county required to carry out investigations on both the borrowers (farms) and the lenders (banks,financial institutions) in the county. As working methods were used questionnaires, questions being designedspecifically for borrowers and lenders. The questionnaire contained 32 questions. There have been investigatedhouseholds from Slatina and Caracal rural areas in Olt county. All elements presented for rural areas in the Oltcounty revealed the local,s attitude and behavior In taking loans, with insignificant differences between Slatina andCaracal rural areas.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 2
Written by Ion CERTAN, Maria BANARI

Since independence, Republic of Moldova aligns among the developed countries and this process is related to thetransition from the command to market economy. This process is lengthy, laborious and often contradictory,especially in rural areas. In the given article we consider the process of transition in rural areas fromkolkhozy/collective farms to market economy entities through the prism of organizational policies, activities, staff ofcontemporary agricultural enterprises based on example of Brinzenii Vechi village, Telenesti, Moldova. That will befollowed by some conclusions on the role of management as well as the impact on sustainability of localdevelopment.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 2
Written by Tatiana IAŢIŞIN, Tatiana COLESNICOVA, Aurelia ŞUŞU-ŢURCAN

The sustainable agriculture contributes to resolve some social problems of rural areas: employment, infrastructuredevelopment, conservation and enhancement of cultural heritage, development of roads and communications.Scientists and politicians vigorously discuss modern agriculture as characterized by developing technologies thatrely on external inputs created, which is the best way for agricultural development. The global situation of the winesector and its prospects in the context of Moldovan orientation towards innovative economy is analyzed in thearticle.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 2
Written by Petrică ŞTEFAN, Silviu GHEORGHE, Cristian CUTAŞ

The hereby study undertakes to introduce the certification procedure in ecological tourism, as well as the criteriathat must be fulfilled by the lodging units that wish to voluntarily adhere to this modern form of tourism. In ourcountry, the Certifying System in the Ecotourism is used by the Romanian Association of Ecotourism (AER) and thisadjusts the international experience to the Romanian context. This has been developed in conformity with theAccreditation Program in Nature and Ecotourism promoted by the Australian Association of Ecotourism (NEAPbeing the first accreditation system in ecological tourism) and in conformity with Nature’s Best of the SwedishAssociation of Ecotourism (the first accreditation system in Ecotourism in the northern hemisphere). A key elementin the certification procedure consists of drawing up a plan of sustained development which should answer theentirety of certification requirements. The hereby study shows a model of sustained development plan that can beused by managers and owners of lodging units that wish to acquire the certification in tourism.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 2
Written by Olga SÂRBU, Boris COREŢCHI

It is currently widely known that small and medium enterprises are a major force for ensuring the stability ofeconomic development, increasing the mobility and adaptability of the national economy to internally and externallychanging conditions, also are a factor for diversification of the economy. Small business is oriented to satisfy thelocal market needs and it uses the local workforce and resources, having a substantial contribution also in solvingthe problem of unemployment. Therefore, further diversification and expansion of the SMEs sector is seen as a signof healthy economy.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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