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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Agatha POPESCU

The paper analyzed the dynamics of the cultivated area and production in oilseeds crops, especially on sunflower, rape and soybean, in Romania in the decade 2010-2019 in order to identify the main trends and changes, using trend line models and to set up the forecast for 2020-2014 horizon, based on the results of 2019 and the average annual growth in the analyzed period. In 2019, Romania cultivated 1.8 million ha with oilseeds crops, of which 71.3% sunflower, 19.6% rape and 8.8% soybean, and produced 4,792 thousand tons seeds, of which 74.4% from sunflower, 16.6% from rape and 8.6% from soybean. The areas and output increased in case of sunflower and soybean, while rape registered a decline. For the year 2024, it is expected as Romania will cultivate 2,015 thousand ha with oilseeds plants, of which sunflower 77.3 %, rape 13.2% and soybean 10.3%, and to produce 6,133 thousand tons seeds of which 79% from sunflower, 11.7% from rape and 7.5 % from soybean. Rape crop was deeply affected by the severe droughts in the last years and this diminished seeds output. In 2019, Romania occupied the following positions in the EU-28 for production performance: the 3rd for oilseeds output, the 1st for sunflower seeds, the 2nd for soybean seeds and the 5th for rape seeds. To increase performance in oilseed sector, Romanian farmers have to adapt to the climate change paying attention to the following technological aspects: to use high earlier and production potential varieties and hybrids and resistant to drought, diseases and pests; to chose the best period for sowing depending on the soil moisture and temperature, to assure an optimum fertilization level, crop maintenance and harvesting.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Lesia KUCHER

This paper studied the opportunities and barriers on the way of introducing of innovations and innovative projects in the area of land use in agricultural enterprises in the context of agribusiness 4.0 in Ukraine. For ease of analysis and political and managerial decision making, all of identified barriers were conventionally grouped into five groups (ranked in order of importance based on average expert estimates): (і) insufficient financing of innovation activity (average assessment – 3.502); (ii) lack of competence of the subjects of innovation activity (3.412); (iii) imperfection of innovative management (3.400); (iv) imperfection of the normative-legal base of innovation activity (3.261); (v) lack of effective innovation infrastructure (3.256). In general, among the 31 analyzed barriers, the TOP-5 most important, according to experts, include the following: lack of established contacts of scientists in the business environment (average assessment – 4.100); insufficient stimulation of subjects of innovative activity, in particular, authors of developments (3.900); low level of scientific and technical base of scientific organizations (3.850); the vast majority of researchers have not realized the importance of commercialization and are not able to commercialize the results of their research (3.850); there is no state support of innovation business (3.737). Obviously, overcoming these barriers forms key opportunities for introducing innovations in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Dengle Yuniyus GIROH

Rising rural population densities in Nigeria are profoundly affecting farming systems with localized land pressures being experienced by many rural farmers. This study was conducted to examine optimal resource allocation in Yambased cropping systems among farmers in Yorro Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. Primary data used for the study were collected from 142 farmers using structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear programming model. Results revealed that respondents were small-scale farmers characterized by large family size and were well experienced in farming with a mean farming experience of 23 years. Respondents adopted mixed cropping as a result of scarcity of land and to avoid crop failure. Profitability analysis revealed that yam based cropping systems were profitable where Yam/Cowpea/Sorghum had the highest gross margin of N372,500.00 followed by Yam/Maize/Groundnut/Cowpea (N362,990.00) respectively. Linear programming model recommended yam/cowpea/sorghum and yam/maize/groundnut/cowpea out of the five enterprises. For yam/cowpea/sorghum, the existing plan allocated 2.36 ha while the optimal plan obtained from the programming recommended 4.37ha. For yam/maize/groundnut/cowpea, the existing plan allocated 2.08ha while the optimal plan recommended 1.11ha. The optimal farm plan recommends that yam-based farmers should allocate resources in such a way that the two crop enterprises are produced according to this hectarage allocation to maximize Total Gross Margin of N2,031,084.08/ha.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 4
Written by Maria BĂLA, Florin SALA

The present study evaluated the behaviour of three ornamental species through flowers, in off-season cultivation conditions, in order to ptimize production parameters. The total time of flowering (Ttf) was described, for each species, by mathematical models, in relation to the emperature and plants height. The biological material was represented by the species: Lathyrus odoratus L.; Antirrhinum majus L., and atthiola incana (L.) W.T. Aiton., respectively. The variation of the plant height, in the studied ornamental species, in relation to the emperature (T), was described by polynomial equations of degree 3, in safety statistical conditions (R2=0.975 for Lathyrus; R2=0.987 for ntirrhinum, and R2=0.971 for Matthiola, respectively). In relation to the biological specificity and the behavior in the off-season, the hree species had different values for the total time of flowering (Ttf); Ttf = 19 days for Lathyrus; Ttf=166 days for Antirrhinum, and tf=210 days for Matthiola. Multiple regression analysis led to the obtaining of Ttf estimation models, depending on the temperature (T, °C) nd the height of the plants (H, cm), in statistical safety conditions. The Wolfram Alpha software facilitated the obtaining of 3D and soquant graphic distribution models of Ttf, according to T (°C) and H (cm), for each species studied. The optimal values for H and T were etermined, in order to obtain the best total flowering time, in off-season conditions, values that can be ensured by the cultivation echnology of the studied species.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Sergii KHALIN, Valerii KOLIADA, Pavlo NAZAROK, Liubov KORCHASHKINA, Liubov KOLIADA, Olga KOLIADA, Serhii CHUHAIEV

The aim of this work was to compare the results of biogeocenotic perspectives estimation for vegetation cover on slopes of different orientations (north and south) on an example of chernozem podzolized, situated in Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Geocenotic characteristics included nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the soil, so as soil organic matter (humus) and the reaction of the soil solution (pH)– determined for the basic genetic horizons of soil profiles. Biocenotic characteristics included analysis of the plants species composition and yield of grasses on each slope, according to the moisture regime differences and changes in humus content and reaction of the soil solution. The article presents the botanical composition of natural herbage on both slopes of different exposure and presents the humus content and soil pH data by comparing the data of 1987 and 2017 years. The percentage of prevailing herbs families of hillside area and the number of hay-making production are also presented.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Dorina BONEA

The optimum sowing time and the suitable hybrid are agronomic management practices that play a major role in determining the quantity and quality of maize yield. In this study, a randomized field experiment was established at ARDS Simnic, Craiova to assess the influence of sowing dates and hybrids on phenology, grain yield and protein content of maize. The research included three sowing dates: 9th April, 16th April and 23th April. The results showed that the delayed sowing dates had higher impacts on the phenology of maize, shortened the all plant growing stages and reduced the accumulated heat units (GDD), especially after the silking stage. In early sowing date (9th April), the grain yield (GY) and heat use efficiency (HUE) were significantly higher compared to two other sowing dates, for all hybrids. Protein content of maize grain increased with delay in sowing date due to the modifications of thermal conditions during grain-filling period. Maize hybrids PR39D81 and LG3350 that produced the maximum grain yield (11.47 t/ha and 11.42 t/ha, respectively) when sown in 9th April, were the most suitable hybrids for this region.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Gheorghe ŞIŞCANU, Gheorghe SCURTU, Nina TITOVA, Gheorghe BALMUS, Maia RUSU, Emil КLEIMAN

The paper presents the results regarding the phytomonitoring of physiological processes in hair plants. Among the physiological processes that characterize the activity of the production process is photosynthesis, which, like other physiological processes, is influenced by light, temperature and other ecological factors. Based on these considerations, the saturation curve of the light for photosynthesis was monitored. The modern RTM-48A phytomonitor was used, which allowed the measurement of physiological indices in the form of film-phytodiagram in automatic regime that allowed the diagnosis of the properties of the genotype and the physiological state of the plants. The saturation curve of light for photosynthesis in hair trees was determined as a result of assessing the intensity of photosynthesis, sweating, respiration and conductivity of stomata depending on temperature, humidity and CO2 content in air. The minimum value of the light at which the photosynthesis process is initiated was established. With the increase of the light intensity (to 1/3 of the total light) the intensity of the photosynthesis increases after the essential optimization of the process took place. In hair plants, the intensity of photosynthesis begins with the appearance of light and continues to increase until the illumination of 100-150 micromol / m2 s, decreasing to 500 after maintaining at the same level until the illumination of 1500, then it increases to 1800. It was been established that the effect of temperature influence on photosynthesis in hair plants depended on the intensity of light. Respiration, transpiration and conductivity of the stomata confirmed light saturation curves for photosynthesis. As a result of the research, the positive influence of SBA Reglalg and microelements (B, Zn, Mn, Mo) on the activity of physiological processes in hair plants was established. The more pronounced stimulation of the activity of the physiological processes takes place under the influence of the Reglalg preparation in the presence of microelements.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Janet Temitope OJEDIRAN, Taiwo Kayode OJEDIRAN, Shakirat SALAMI, Victor DUROJAIYE, Rasheed Gbolagade ADEOLA

Livestock farmers (n=253) from five local government areas of Ogbomoso, Southwest Nigeria were interviewed through a well-constructed questionnaire. This study assessed the demographic characteristics of the livestock farmers, type of livestock kept, type of feed used, energy and plant protein feedstuffs used in feed compounding, level of awareness of pigeon pea seed utilization as livestock feedstuff and constraints to the use of pigeon pea seed as livestock feedstuff. The survey results revealed that the respondents were mostly part time livestock farmers, married-middle aged men (𝑥̅=40 years) with an average 5 years farming experience, who kept majorly poultry and pigs (55-80%) amongst other livestock. Compounded rations (53-83%) were commonly used with maize (66-100%) as the main energy feedstuff while soybean meal (87-90%), groundnut cake (77-100%) and palm kernel cake (86- 92%) were the major plant protein ingredients. Majority of the respondents (70-82%) were unaware of the potential use of pigeon pea seed as livestock feedstuff but those that were aware indicated that antinutrients and or processing (88-100%) were the serious concern for use as a feedstuff. It can therefore be recommended that agricultural extensionists should work together with livestock nutritionists and re-orient the farmers with available research outputs that have addressed this constraint.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Sebastian GUT

This paper analyses the activity of the Agency for Financing Rural Investments (Agenția pentru Finanțarea Investițiilor Rurale - AFIR) in order to ensure the process of informing and implementing on how to access European funds granted through the National Rural Development Plan (NRDP) for the period of 2014-2020, following the types of measures and submeasures, the amounts granted and the advantages obtained through their accession by the applicants as a result of the agreements existent between the European Community and Romania. The actions of AFIR, through its central, regional and county representatives, are aimed at informing and communicating, according to the Regulation on Organization and Functioning of the Agency for Financing Rural Investments and the Manual of Procedures for Public Relations, for knowledge transfer in view of increasing the competiveness and diversification in agriculture, and for the need to modernize the agricultural sector by processing and marketing of agricultural products and by market development, ensuring a wide range of products and services together with the use of renewable energy in order to protect the environment. The methodology used consists in studying the references, collecting, processing, analysing and interpreting the data provided by the databases of AFIR and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), as well as formulating conclusions on the situation of the submitted projects, allocated amounts, achieved targets and measures to be further taken in support of rural areas.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 4
Written by Alina MARCUTA, Liviu MARCUTA, Agatha POPESCU, Cristina TINDECHE, Valentina TUDOR, Dragos SMEDESCU

Slow tourism, slow adventure are new ways to travel, are new ways of life that are addressed to a new generation of tourists, much more concerned with ecology, environmental protection, and who wants to have a relaxing break after life tumultuous it has, which needs both adrenaline, but also immersion in a natural, open space, which will allow them to disconnect from technology. Drawing from these concepts, appeared and developed by specialists from the Nordic countries, as well as from the examples of their good practices, through this paper we set out to analyze the evolution of tourism worldwide during the period 2009-2018, with the purpose of to identify the ways of adapting Romania to these new temptations. The research method consisted of two stages, one of bibliographic study and another of analysis and interpretation of statistical data, on the basis of which conclusions could be formulated and proposals made for the development of slow tourism.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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