ISSN 2284-7995, ISSN Online 2285-3952
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 2
Written by Valeriu Lucian RADU, Dorina BONEA, Ioana Claudia DUNĂREANU

Nitrogen is an important nutrient that plays a significant role in maximizing crop yields worldwide. Optimizing nitrogen fertilization ensures suitable grain yields and reduces environmental pollution. The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of different nitrogen levels on grain yield of wheat and nitrogen use efficiency. The field research was performed at Agricultural Research and Development Station Șimnic on a reddish preluvosoil, during three consecutive growing seasons. Five nitrogen levels: 0 (control), 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha were used. Statistical analysis showed that nitrogen levels had a significant effect on grain yield in all years of study. On average, the three-year data indicated that nitrogen fertilizers generated increases of 30-114%, representing 7.8-29.2 q/ha compared to the control. The highest agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (33.7 kg/kg) was at a level of 60 kg N/ha, which is considered a rational application in terms of nitrogen emissions to the environment.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 2
Written by Rositsa BELUHOVA-UZUNOVA, Krum HRISTOV, Mariyana SHISHKOVA

The current challenges related to the Covid-19 pandemic raise concern regarding security and sustainability of the global food system. As family farming plays a crucial role in the European agricultural sector, its support and development are vital to ensuring food sovereignty and security, including rural areas. It is the predominant farm model which accounts for more than 90% of the number of holdings and is considered as a main source of income and employment for rural population. In the context of global health crisis it is important to focus the attention on the issues and opportunities that family farms face. The aim of the study is based on an analysis of the observed trends in various aspects of family farming, to discuss the effects of Covid-19 and to highlight the strategies for the development of these agricultural production systems. The paper compares Bulgarian family farming with other EU member states. The survey indicates that although family farms dominate in the EU agricultural structure, they face number of challenges such as access to resources, financial aid, low competitiveness and investment activity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 2
Written by Liviu MARCUȚĂ, Agatha POPESCU, Cristiana TINDECHE, Dragoș SMEDESCU, Alina MARCUȚĂ

Food security is one of the basic elements of human security that can only be ensured through a sustainable development of society. On the other hand, food security is an important element of global and national security, and is ensured at European level through the common defence and security policies implemented by the Member States. And this food security, which for many countries in the world is already a difficult problem to manage, was affected in 2019 by the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused the whole world to face an unprecedented crisis and which, although it affected the whole world, had an even greater effect on the poor populations that suffered even more, amid an increase in hunger anyway for four consecutive years, that is in the period 2017-2020. In this paper we aimed to analyze the food security situation in European Union countries and how the Covid-19 crisis has affected it. Based on the data provided by international databases, the information was processed, analyzed so that conclusions can be drawn that highlighted the fact that food security is one of the issues of concern to decision makers internationally, but which is ensured for European Union countries this is due to the developed agricultural sector and the productions that manage to ensure the food needs of the European population. The analyzed indicators followed both the agricultural areas and the GDP value, but also the value of the imports and exports of agri-food products at the level of the member countries of the European Union.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 2
Written by Alexey NOSOV, Olga TAGIROVA, Marina FEDOTOVA, Olga NOVICHKOVA

Cash is the most important resource, since an organization, if there are sufficient funds, can acquire everything that is necessary for carrying out production activities. The research was based on an agricultural organization that is engaged in the production of sugar beets and grain, as well as dairy and beef cattle breeding. Analysis of cash flows by direct, indirect and coefficient method showed that the company under study in the current year belongs to a “normal enterprise”, since it received a positive net cash flow from operating and financial activities and a negative one from investment. The calculated ratios of the efficiency of using the organization's funds over the past years have either increased or remained stable. To synchronize flows over time intervals and reduce the risks of a shortage of funds, the authors have developed cash flow forecasts for a year and a half by direct and indirect methods. Both plans showed that cash flow from current activities is positive, that is, the company's activities are profitable and generate income. The organization will be able to pay off the accumulated liabilities. The developed budgets will make it possible to predict the flow of cash flows of the enterprise, to control the synchronization of receipts and expenditures of funds, thereby maintaining their required volume to fulfill payment obligations.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 2
Written by Elena Aleksandrovna ALESHINA, Dmitriy Valerevich SERDOBINTSEV, Ivan Sergeevich NOVIKOV

Currently, real competitive advantages in the market are acquired by agricultural enterprises that introduce and develop modern digital technologies. At the same time, for the effective implementation of the digitalization process, it is necessary to complete the staff of enterprises with the appropriate number of specialists. The theoretical foundations of training and employment of IT specialists, as well as methods of managing IT personnel in the agroindustrial complex are considered. The current state of the training of information technology specialists in Russia is analyzed. The situation with the training of students in leading universities is considered in detail. The regularities reflecting the annual volatility of the number of applicants with a general trend of moderate growth are revealed, the forecast of preservation of the corresponding parameters of human capital development is made, the attractiveness of vacancies in the agricultural sector is determined on the basis of a retrospective analysis of indicators characterizing the formation of personnel potential in the IT sphere. A set of measures to improve the provision of the agricultural sector with highly qualified IT specialists is proposed.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 2
Written by Sarina ROSENBERG, Dragos CRISTEA, Mihaela NECULIȚĂ, Ira-Adeline SIMIONOV, Ștefan-Mihai PETREA, Alina MOGODAN

In the current economic and social context, dominated by the influences of the rapid development of technology and communications, the labour market is undergoing structural changes, job demand and supply are reshaping, labour arrangements are resizing in form and volume. Another factor that significantly affects the structure and dynamics of the labour market is the current health crisis. The negative impact on the various economic sectors affected by the crisis implicitly entails changes in the balance between job demand and supply, as well as the reassessment and decision to choose effective work arrangements. GIG economy, representing all atypical forms of work, presents an increasingly complicated and difficult to predict dynamics, as a result of the economic and social impact of current factors of influence. The purpose of the article is to analyze and predict the dynamics of different forms of work in the Romanian rural areas, starting with the forms of full time, permanent contracts to contingent forms of work. The analysis method used in this paper is the quantitative one. From the analysis performed, it can be deduced observations and results that define the general framework of all forms of work in Romanian rural environment and the dynamic tendencies of the different forms of work commitment during the analyzed period. Full time contracts, regardless of how they are registered, as a determined or indefinite period, have the largest share of the total number registered at national level in rural areas. On the other side, part-time contracts register different dynamic trends, in the sense that the permanent ones have an ascending trend, and the contingent forms register a sudden collapse in the period 2017-2018, by approximately 400% compared to previous years. Part time permanent jobs increase with 67.43% in 2020 compared to 2010.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 2
Written by Romeo Cătălin CREȚU, Petrică ȘTEFAN, Ioan Iulian ALECU

The global tourism industry, estimated at about $ 1.7 trillion in 2019, was among the hardest hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, which cancelled most vacations, closed borders and imposed strict travel conditions. In this paper we analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism, both in our country and worldwide. For our analysis we used data provided by the National Institute of Statistics, Eurostat, Euromonitor International, the World Tourism Organization, the IMF and by professional associations in the field of tourism in Romania and other countries. The results of the study show that the pandemic caused an estimated loss of $ 1.3 trillion worldwide and a 74% reduction in the number of international arrivals. Moreover, the impact of the pandemic will be felt for a long time to come, both at the level of tourism operators and tourists, and some travellers will definitely change their consumer behavior when it comes to tourism. Based on these analyzes, we identified several mutations regarding the future of tourism at national and international level.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 2
Written by Agatha POPESCU, Toma Adrian DINU, Elena STOIAN, Valentin ȘERBAN

The paper analyzed honey production in the EU-28 in the period 2008-2019 using the data provided by FAOstat. Regression equations and average annual growth rate have pointed out a general increasing trend in honey production both at the EU level and in almost all member states. In 2019, the EU produced 280 thousand tonnes honey, of which 76.44% was carried out by the largest producing countries: Spain, Romania, Hungary, Germany, Greece, Poland, France, Italy, Bulgaria with over 10, 000 tonnes per year. Other countries like Portugal, United Kingdom, Czechia, Croatia, Austria had a moderate production ranging between 5 and 10 tonnes per year, and their share accounted for 12.07%. The remaining of 11.49% was assured by the other 12 countries. The average growth rate of honey production was 3.07 at the EU-28 level, but the highest growth of over 6% was registered in the Baltic countries, Croatia and Italy, and a moderate growth rate varying between 4 and 6% was recorded in the main producing countries and also by Czechia. Spain, France and Bulgaria had growth rates below 2%. In Denmark production stagnated, and in Austria, Ireland and Slovakia declined. Important EU funds are destined for the implementation of the national apiculture programmes 2020-2022 for sustainable beekeeping development, enhancing technical endowment, improving apiculturists' education level, sustaining young apiculturists, increasing the number of beehives and honey production level and quality and for assuring healthy and strong bee colonies. Bees have to continue to support agricultural production by pollination, rural areas development, a clean environment, balanced ecosystems and biodiversity preservation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 2
Written by Iryna TSYMBALІUK, Nataliia PAVLIKHA, Yurii BARSKYI, Lesia TIHONCHUK, Olga KORNELIUK, Nataliya NAUMENKO, Nataliia KOVSHUN

The result of the study was the proposal to use an integral indicator of financial decentralization, as well as partial integral indicators: the indicator of incomes decentralization and the indicator of expenditures decentralization. The use of such a technique allows obtaining objective results of the study. On the basis of the proposed indicators, an assessment of the level of financial decentralization in Ukraine during the period 2013 – 2018 has been conducted. The study showed an increase in the level of fiscal decentralization of local rural budgets during the period 2013 – 2018. The main impetus for this was the changes in the budget and tax legislation that came into force in 2015 and stimulated local rural authorities to expand their own revenue base. In order to increase the efficiency of decentralization processes in Ukraine, it is proposed to timely identify the risks and complications that may arise. The article demonstrates the role of financial decentralization in the development of rural regions as such, which promotes the establishment of effective local self-government with a real impact on local financial management processes. The main contribution was to improve the methodology for assessing the financial decentralization level in Ukraine.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 2
Written by Teodora STOEVA, Violeta DIRIMANOVA

Land relations are complex public relations arising on the basis of land use as an indispensable means of production in the agricultural sector. In the last three decades, the dynamics in development and the specifics of the complex processes related to the improvement of land relations in Bulgaria have reshaped public relations and led to significant institutional changes in the national economy, in particular in the agriculture in Bulgaria. A main factor for the dynamic changes in Bulgarian agriculture and land relations are the historical changes in the social model of society. The implementation of the Community agricultural policy after 2007 has brought new dynamic changes to the business environment in which this primary Bulgarian industry functions. The purpose of this article is to analyze the changes in Bulgarian agriculture which is characterized by great intensity and dynamics, as well as the dynamics in the development and specificity of land relations in Bulgaria in the context of the CAP. The methodical framework of this article provides a summary overview of the main changes in the agricultural policy and the structure of land relations in Bulgaria. A number of contemporary scientific quantitative and qualitative methods are used to achieve the intended objective set in this study: systematic and comparative analysis; monographic analysis; expert assessment. The results pointed out the fragmentation of the use of agricultural land, and the existence of a large number of small farms. In Bulgaria in recent years, extensive farming has been given a strong impetus at the expense of the intensive farming, a process that is of a sustainable nature and has a clear causal link. The agricultural sector has always been a strategic branch of Bulgarian economy.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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