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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Marina Alexandrovna VOLOKHOVA, Ivan Sergeevich NOVIKOV

In modern Russia, the main features of the current demographic situation are: significant scale of population decline, low birth rate, continuing population aging. Currently, the Russian Federation is experiencing high mortality and low fertility. Using the tool of the space of value orientations, based on the methodology proposed by Urnov M.Yu., Kasamara V.A., the initial indicators were changed to economic ones and their influence on the socio-demographic development of rural areas was determined. The hypothetical substantiation of the dependence of economic indicators of value heterogeneity in terms of economic indicators of society and social dynamics was tested on the basis of a hypothetical model based on matrix algorithms. A model of socio-demographic development has been developed based on the relationship between the value heterogeneity of the rural population as a factor of social dynamics, uniting a system of economic and social indicators on the basis of a functional approach, stratification indicators of the value orientation of rural areas have been determined depending on the level of income of the population, which will determine the growth of job creation. places and size of wages. The verification of the economic indicators of a hypothetical model of the dependence of the socio-demographic development of rural areas in the region on the level of value heterogeneity of society in terms of wages, as a factor of social dynamics, has been carried out. The calculations showed that in agricultural enterprises of the Russian Federation, in the period f1 in relation to the period f0, the increase in income was: in the first group of districts 114,761.9 thousand rubles. or 75.07%, in the fourth group 1,043,889 thousand rubles (58.53%) due to a significant increase in capital productivity for the intensive type of development, and identified additional investments in the acquisition of fixed assets in the amount of 143,928.24 and 1,253,302.33 thousand roubles. Profit from intensive use of agricultural land is determined in 1-4 groups of districts in the amount of 73.26; 77.15; 70.16; 59.22%, respectively, of the total profit of enterprises in order to maintain the achieved level of profit, it is necessary to increase the area of agricultural land by 20% on average for groups.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Quecie V. DIACAMOS, Brenda M. RAMONEDA, Moises Neil V. SERIÑO, Marlon M. TAMBIS, Maria Hazel I. BELLEZAS

Small-scale farmers faced numerous risks related to the adverse impact of climate change, particularly prolonged periods of drought. Although farmers use various risk-coping strategies, these are insufficient to prevent them from remaining food insecure. This study aimed to identify the determinants of farmer’s adaptation strategies to drought in selected municipalities of Southern Leyte, Philippines. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the determinants. The results show that participation in agricultural training, awareness of drought and total farm income have positive and significant relationships with adaptation strategies. The result of the logistic regression implies that when farmers are aware, well-trained and equipped, they are more inclined to employ adaptation strategies to drought. The result also indicates that farmers who have experienced and are knowledgeable about dry spells have more tendencies to adapt and adjust during the actual occurrence of drought. More effort may also be made to older farmers as they are less likely to employ adaptation strategies. In addition, information and training about using drought-tolerant crop varieties is of the feasible options to consider in responding to drought.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Sunday Brownson AKPAN, Aniefiok Akpan UMOREN

The study established the empirical relationship between agricultural production indicators and some key macroeconomic fundamentals in Nigeria. Data (time series from 1961 to 2020) were collected from the World Bank, Food and Agricultural Organization and the Central Bank of Nigeria. The properties of the series were tested with the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test and improved ADF-GLS unit root test. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) was used to establish the existence of the cointegration among the specified series. The empirical results revealed that, the per capita real GDP, land density and consumer price index are the determinants of crop production gross index in the long run, whereas, per capita income, lending rate, land density and total import are the short run determinants. Also, the per capita income, land density, consumer price index and the nominal exchange rate influence the agricultural gross production index in the long run; while the per capita income and land density were the short run determinants. Moreover, land density, per capita income and balance of trade were found to determine the livestock gross production index in the long run; while the lending rate, land density and inflation rate were the short run determinants. Based on the findings, it is recommended that, specific policy to focus on the improvement of the per capita income, restricted trade policy and reduction and or stabilization of inflation rate in the country are inevitable. The lending interest rate should be regulated to provide more credit to the agricultural sector.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Amurtiya MICHAEL, Mark POLYCARP, Mark Kauna SANDA, Sarah Afusai DAVID

This study analysed the management practices and information needs of fish farmers in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study adopted a multistage sampling technique to collect primary data from 166 fish farmers. Descriptive statistics, Likert Scale, and Ordinary Least Square regression model were used to analyse the data collected. The findings of the study indicated that the prominent information sources among the farmers were the internet and acquaintances/friends. Similarly, the study established that the majority of the respondents need information on most aspects of fish farming and that the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers influence these information needs. Furthermore, high-cost of fish feed, lack/inadequacy of capital, lack of good/reliable market information, and poor breeds of fish were identified as the leading respondents’ constraints in fish production. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that there is a dire need for the government and other agricultural development actors to employ and also motivate more agricultural extension agents in the area to enable the fish farmers to access them for information. The findings of this study will substantially contribute to aquaculture planning in the country so as to enhance gains from the sector.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Luke O. ADEBISI, Oluwaremilekun A. ADEBISI, Asuquo JONATHAN, Millicent A. ONKPE, Yetunde D. OGUNSOLA

Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) of Pest Control is an eco-friendly, cost effective and culturally accepted method of controlling pests and diseases. The study assessed the Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) of Pest Control on Technical Efficiency of Vegetable Production in Osun State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from 240 farmers across the state. The data collected were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Ordinary Least Square Regression Analysis. Result of analysis revealed the major indigenous knowledge used for pests and diseases control by the vegetable farmers were early harvesting (71.32%), removal of affected plants (62.80%), use of ash and water mixture (60.74%) and mixture of red pepper with water (41.09%). The average technical efficiency of farms using only IKS for pest and disease control was 0.78 while farms using a combination of IKS and pesticide had the highest average technical efficiency of 0.94. The technical efficiency of vegetable production in the study area is significantly affected by farm experience, usage of IKS, level of farmer’s education and access to extension agent. The study concluded that the usage of Indigenous Knowledge System for pest control in vegetable production increased the technical efficiency of the farmers in the study area. The study however, recommends that there should be increase in the sensitization of farmers by government and non-governmental agencies on the economic benefits of indigenous knowledge system on pest control in order to boost productivity and efficiency of food production.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Adriana Dembi LAKA, Cakti Indra GUNAWAN, Agnes Quartina PUDJIASTUTI

This study aims on examining market structure of cashew, examining market behavior of cashew, and analyzing cashew market performance in Lambakara and Nggongi village. Cashew farming has contributed to providing livelihoods and job opportunities for many farmers, both as a side business and as a main business. The result of this study showed that cashew marketing structure tends to oligopoly that cashew farmers become price taker condition, market behavior of cashew in Lambakara and Nggongi village is not efficient yet where farmers are limited to gain price information and market performance of cashew in Lambakara and Nggongi village is not efficient yet. Performance analysis of cashew market in Lambakara and Nggongi village individually obtains selling margin up to Rp. 6,000 until Rp. 6,250 with high farmer share level which is 75% caused cashew farmers to have low benefits. Based on market efficiency level obtained from Lambakara and Nggongi markets individually obtained up to 57.5% until 62.67%, market efficiency value in Lambakara and Nggongi village is higher than 30%.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Christopher Ogbonna EMEROLE, Sylvanus Ibeabuchi OGBONNA, Precious Aja UKAIWE

This study analyzed marketing of fish feeds in Ikeja, Local Government Area (LGA) of Lagos State, Nigeria. The study described socioeconomic characteristics of the marketers, identified distribution channels, determined marketing margins and efficiencies of the feed marketers, compared their profits and determined factors influencing supplies of fish feeds in the area by feed millers and the marketers. Primary data were gathered with structured questionnaires from 21 fish feed mills and from 84 fish feed marketers (63 fish feed retailers and 21 fish feed wholesalers) and analyzed with descriptive and Inferential statistical methods. Fish feed wholesalers posted a relatively higher monthly marketing margin and marketing efficiency than the retailers. In terms of profitability the fish feed retailers posted a higher Gross margin per kilogram of unbranded fish feed sold than the wholesalers. The OLS estimates revealed that supply of fish feed by wholesalers is positively influenced by price of the feed, cost of transportation, and access to credit but negatively influenced by cost of storage. To the retailers, the supply of fish feed was negatively influenced by unit cost of close substitute of fish feed (pelleted poultry feed), and daily charge of market toll. It was positively influenced by price of the fish feed, access to credit, and marketing experience. To encourage both wholesale and retail trade on fish feeds, Lagos State government should assist in bringing down transport costs; bankers should make fish feed traders have easy access to loans and landlords charge lower rents on old stalls and warehouses. Transportation costs can be reduced by subsidizing cost of fuel, providing cheap input delivery vans, and repairing damaged roads.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Ahmed ABOUD, Mehmet Arif ŞAHİNLİ

In international trade and economics, comparative advantage index is one of the key instruments for measuring competitiveness. This study examined the static and dynamic agricultural sector competitiveness of Turkey by the RCA and NRCA indices. The dynamics of the competitiveness indices were estimated by OLS regression, Markov matrices, and trend analysis. The study, further, analyzed the consistency between the RCA, NRCA, and RSCA indices. The results revealed that, Turkey, generally obtains strong competitiveness in the crop sectors whilst it has weak competitiveness in livestock and processed food sectors. Turkey achieved competitiveness in 6 and 13 sectors, respectively. It revealed a convergent pattern of agricultural competitiveness with high stability of the uncompetitive and weak competitive sectors. Turkey’s agricultural export strategy and competitiveness pattern are based on natural-resource-intensive and traditional agricultural products. Turkey obtained the gaining trends in 6 and 16 agricultural sectors, respectively. The RCA, NRCA, and RSCA indices are strongly consistent in identifying the degrees of competitiveness and in determining whether or not the country obtains competitiveness.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Patson SHIIKABA, Mehmet Arif ŞAHİNLİ

Technical efficiency of tomato producers in Ankara was evaluated using Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Production Frontier methods. Using Stratified Random Sampling method 77 tomato producers were selected and structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the selected farmers. The main tomato production problems faced by tomato producers are diseases representing 22.4%, low labour force 20.0%, cost of inputs 17.7% and access to irrigation water 1.9%. The main marketing problems faced by farmers are transportation cost of tomatoes to sales point %39.9 and low selling of tomatoes 38.6%. Technical efficiency was found to be 55.55% under stochastic production frontier while under Data Envelopment Analysis was found to be 86.43%. Stochastic Frontier Analysis separates causes of changes in output into managerial and chance hence lower efficiency score compared to data envelopment analysis approach which does not. The results of Stochastic Production Frontier indicate that all factors of production that include labour, land, seedling, animal manure, chemical fertilizer, pesticides, irrigation and tractor expenditure where all found to be statistically significant in influencing production on the other hand formal education of the farmer, use of agricultural credit and membership to agricultural organisation were found to be statistically significant in influencing technical efficiency scores.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Marioara ILEA, Rezhen HARUN, Diana E. DUMITRAS, Felix H. ARION, Iulia C. MURESAN, Gabriela O. CHICIUDEAN, Hemin Abubakir NEIMA, Camelia F. OROIAN, Daniel I. CHICIUDEAN

Considering the huge economic and social disparities between urban and rural areas of Romania, it is important to investigate the local community perception on the perceived impact of the rural development strategies, provided that local strategies should be developed based on citizens’ needs. The study represents a first step towards a more complex research to evaluate the degree of satisfaction and wellbeing of the rural communities from Cluj County, following the implementation of the rural development programs. The research was conducted on the basis of primary data obtained from citizens of Cuzdrioara, a commune from Cluj County which represents a particular case, as its position allows the direct connection to national roads. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were performed for comparisons of proportions, while Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal Wallis test were used for the comparisons of scale scores between respondents. Through the objectives of the Local Development Strategy, Cuzdrioara commune aims to improve the way of life of the inhabitants by achieving the objectives proposed in the strategy. Many projects have been completed, being positively assessed by the citizens. The public administration fulfilled the objectives established in the Local Development Strategy.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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