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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Tarek FOUDA, Mohamed ELKHOLY, Adel Helal ELMETWALLI, Dalia SALEH

Experiments were carried out through summer season 2019 in the Rice Mechanization centre at Meet El-Deeba, Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate to study the effect of infra-red radiation and ultraviolet radiation on protein, trypsin inhibitor and total microbial count of cowpea seeds as pre- conditioning methods prior to storage process. Five exposure times of (3-6-9-12-15 min) and five irradiation intensity (804.255, 882.67, 964.74, 1,050.45, 1,139.8 W/m2) were used for infra-red treatments. For ultraviolet treatment four exposure times (10-20-30-40min) and three irradiation intensity (7.077 – 3.538 – 2.359 mW/cm2) were used. For the IR conditioning method, irradiation intensity of 882.67 W/m2 at exposure time of 15 min is recommended. This level of radiation intensity and exposure time, showed total microbial count of 2.3 Log CFU/g., protein content 28.88 %, trypsin inhibitor 1.148 TIU/mg and moisture content 8.13 % of cowpea seeds. Meanwhile the irradiation intensity of 3.538 mW/cm2 at exposure time of 40 mins is recommended for UVC irradiation pre-treatment to get total microbial count 2 Log CFU/g., protein content 28.15%, trypsin inhibitor 0.57 TIU/mg and moisture content 10.95%.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Solomon ADEBIYI, James Olaniyi OKUNLOLA, Oluwole Matthew AKINNAGBE

The study investigated effects of rehabilitation techniques on Cocoa bean yield in Southern Nigeria. Three hundred cocoa farmers were selected using multistage sampling procedure. Data generated were analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tools such as chi- square and t-test were used to determine the relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. The study revealed that 84.7% of the farmers were less than 50 years of age, majority (81.3%) was male, 89.3%, while, 87.3% of the farmers participated in one social organization or the others. The mean yield of cocoa beans reduced from 334.16 kg/ha in 2004 to 303.69 kg/ha in 2006 before cocoa rehabilitation techniques; while, there was an appreciable increase from 411.13 kg/ha in 2014 to 518.95 kg/ha in 2016 after cocoa rehabilitation techniques. The result of t–test table revealed a significant difference in the yield of cocoa beans before and after rehabilitation techniques (t=22.3; p<0.05). The yield of cocoa beans decreased before rehabilitation and an increased was observed after adoption of cocoa rehabilitation techniques. Efforts should be made to encourage youth to view farming as a carrier option through provision of soft loans and transfer of techniques that are easy to implement on their farms.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Ida ZULFIDA, Rahmaniah HARAHAP, Roswita OESMAN

Proper drip irrigation techniques can optimize the use of water in crop cultivation. Pak Choy (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) is one of the commodities that can grow and produce more effectively using drip irrigation techniques. This study aims to look at the growth response and production of Pak Choy plants using drip irrigation system techniques. This research was conducted in Gunungsitoli, North Sumatra. The method used is a randomized design of groups (RAK) with 2 treatment factors, namely liquid organic fertilizer with drip irrigation system. The factor of liquid organic fertilizer (P) consists of 3 levels, namely P0 = Control; P1 = 2 ml/l; P2 = 4 ml/l. Drip irrigation factor (I) consists of 3 levels, namely: K0 = Control; I1 = 35 drops/minute; I2 = 45 drops/minute. The results showed drip irrigation techniques had a significant effect on the number of leaves (strands) 25 days after planting and 30 days after planting, and had no significant effect on the height of plants and the wet weight of Pak Choy plants.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Chinedum Jachinma CHIEMELA, Stella Nwawulu CHIEMELA, Ridwan MUKAILA, Ikenna Charles UKWUABA, Christopher Chukwudi NWOKOLO

COVID-19 is one of the deadliest infectious disease that has affected mankind in recent time. The disease affected both public and private businesses. Thus, it has impacted negatively on the economy of many nations in the world. This study examined the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the small-scale agribusiness sector in Enugu State, Nigeria. Data used for the study were collected from randomly selected 397 agripreneurs via a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for the data analysis. The results revealed that the production, marketing, supply and demand of agricultural produce drastically declined significantly due to the outbreak of the corona virus. The study further showed that COVID-19 has led to disruptions in rural agribusiness in Enugu state Nigeria by reducing the profitability of agribusinesses through channels such as high cost of seeds, credit sales, produce not harvested due to the pandemic, and unavailability of seeds. The coping strategies adopted by the agripreneurs to lower the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on their business were selling at home, paying their way to the selected market, selling on credit, reduction in prices, further processing of the product and engaging in lower scale sales. The study recommends provision of financial, input, technology and marketing support to the agripreneur by the government and nongovernmental organisations to ease the effects of COVID-19 on their business. These will encourage agripreneurs to maintaining a steady supply of agricultural produce and make moderate profits and also reduce hardship to the citizens.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Bababunmi Alaba AJAYI, Kolade Ezekiel ADAMOLEKUN, Aminat Omolola OLAYIWOLA

This study was conducted to determine the effect of genotype and age on fertility of one chicken egg type (Hy-Line) and one broiler (Marshal) parent stocks in the derived savanna zone of South-western Nigeria. Cumulative data records from the hatchery of a reputable commercial poultry breeder farm were extracted and analysed with STATA® statistical package. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation analysis were carried out. Results show that the percentage fertility in the two production types of breeders were high, indicating that the two breeder stocks can be used as egg line and broiler parent stocks in the study area. Pearson’s correlation shows that age has a direct relationship with fertility in both breeds although not significant in Hy-Line but significant in Marshal (p<0.001). This indicates that there is a significant positive relationship between age and fertility, such that as age increases, fertility also increases to a peak and later declines as the age increases. It was concluded that, Hy-Line out-performed Marshal throughout the period of study and reached peak fertility (98.34%) earlier (30-40 weeks) than Marshal (91.11%) at between 41-50 weeks of age. Hy-Line showed higher fertility percentage than Marshal and it persisted till greater than 60 weeks of age.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Agatha POPESCU, Toma Adrian DINU, Elena STOIAN, Valentin ŞERBAN

The paper aimed to analyze the efficiency of labor force input in the EU using the most representative indicators: agricultural production and gross value added per 1,000 AWU and also of Factor A in the decade 2011-2020. The applied methodology included fixed basis index in 2020 vs 2011, average annual growth rate in the interval, and market share. In the period 2011-2020, the EU agricultural output value and gross value added have definitely increased, accounting for Euro 411.77 Billion and, respectively, Euro 176,96 Billion in 2020, while labour input continued to decline reaching an employment rate of 4.37%. In 2020, the EU agricultural output value per 1,000 AWU accounted for Euro 60 Million while GVA for Euro 20.83 Million. While Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Sweden, France are in the top compared to the EU average for agricultural output per AWU, Latvia, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Poland, Croatia and Romania are situate in the opposite corner. Compared to the EU average of Euro 20.83 Million for GVA/1,000 AWU, Netherlands, Denmark, France, Germany are on the top positions, while Bulgaria, Latvia, Slovenia, Croatia, Poland and Romania are on the last positions. Indicator A or Factor income reached 124% in 2020 being by 24% higher than in 2010. The highest Indicator A belongs to Bulgaria and Hungary, while the lowest one to Germany, Austria, Finland, Netherlands and Belgium. In conclusion, the efficiency of the use of labour force differs from an EU member state to another depending on its efforts to increase net gross value and decrease labour input. Only the growth of agricultural output, the optimization of intermediate consumption, the raise of net GVA, the decline in labor input but using only a high qualified, conscious, responsible, workable labor force and taking measures to face the climate change, the EU could grow the labour productivity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Chidiebere Innocent MBANASO, Christopher Ogbonna EMEROLE

The paper dealt on empirical trend analysis of interest rate and value of agricultural finance in Nigeria between 1986 and 2017. It was the specific objectives of the study to: describe trends of interest rate and value of formal agricultural funding in Nigeria for the period 1986– 2017; determine the path of progress of interest rate and value of formal agricultural finance in Nigeria for the period under review; compare rate of growth of interest rate and value of formal agricultural funding in Nigeria within the reference period; and analyze trend of interest rate in Nigeria within the reference period; explain the cause and effect relationship of interest rate and value of formal agricultural finance in Nigeria within the reference period. Secondary data was used for the study and these were subjected to descriptive statistics and econometric analysis. However, the trend revealed a persistent increase in the interest rate between 1986 and 1998 coinciding with the Structural Adjustment Policy era. The interest rate then dropped slightly between 2000 and 2006 and then began to trend upwards from 2007 to 2017. These are manifestation of volatility of interest rate to agricultural funding. In overall status, interest rate exhibited negative non-considerable trend while volume of formal agricultural finance exhibited positive trend within period 1986- 2017 in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that the monetary authorities in Nigeria should maintain a stable interest rate policy to ensure that adequate formal financing flow from banks to the agricultural sector. Commercial banks should concentrate on mobilizing savings by charging lower interest rate and providing handsome return to depositors which would increase funds flow and make it available for formal financing of agriculture.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Oleksii SHKURATOV, Viktoriia CHUDOVSKA, Yurii HUBAR, Iryna IVAKHNENKO, Oleksandra HULKO, Pavlo DUSHKO

The paper analyzed the state and development trends of organic land use in Ukraine and determined its place in the European sector of organic agriculture. To assess the endogenous and exogenous factors of the development of organic land use in Ukraine, the method of SWOT analysis was used. It has been determined that the effective development of a model of organic farming is impossible without a comprehensive understanding of the situation about the potential of agricultural land use for the possibility of producing organic products. Methodological approaches to evaluation the potential of organic land use is proposed, based on the use of an integral index, which is characterized by a set of indicators for four main components: land-resource potential, agro-production potential, environmental safety and market infrastructure. In order to compare different-quality and different-dimensional indicators, it is proposed to interpret their values by normalizing, that is, to make the transition from absolute values to normalized ones. On the basis of the developed methodological approach, an evaluating of the potential for the development of organic land use in the regions of Ukraine was carried out. Such an evaluating makes it possible to differentiate regions (territories) depending on the integral index and to rank them as far as possible and potential for the development of organic land use. In turn, ranking territories according to the potential of organic land use helps to identify the most promising of them for investment in the development of organic production.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by Raluca STAN, Ion MITREA

The aim of the paper is to highlight the link between climatic conditions and the developmental stages of the species Cydalima perspectalis. If the temperature is low the evolution in days of the development stages increase and vice versa. For the population studied in 2020, the first flight of adults took place on May 18, and the last on October 14. It is clear that it completed 2 generations and the amount of effective temperature for the first generation is 646.7°C and for the second generation it was 628.3°C. The amount of effective temperature (degrees-days)in the period 2019-2020 for the egg stage varies between 62.8°C in 2020 and 48.6°C in 2019, for the larval stage is between 444.8°C (2020) and 403.4°C (2019) and for the pupae stage the values are between 139.1°C (2020) and 74.1°C (2019).Under the natural influence of climatic factors, the number of generations of the species Cydalima perspectalis in the Craiova area varies from one year to another, this suggests that this species is directly dependent on temperature.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 3
Written by This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Achieving sustainable development is one of the most important agricultural resources. Therefore, the overall purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting farmers' desire to change the cultivation pattern to cultivation of medicinal plants. The research method is allowed as a field-library. After determining the variables through questionnaires and software SPSS. The statistical population of this study is rural producers in Targabah district in Khorasan Razavi Province in Iran. The statistical sample for this study was 204 rural households. The sample was calculated using random sampling based on Cochran formula. The results show that the farmers' desire to change the cultivation pattern to cultivation of medicinal plants has a significant positive correlation with its level of economic, social, technical and environmental awareness. Also, it has a significant and positive relationship with his understanding of the production of medicinal plants which can enhance the protection of the environment. The results of the diagnostic analysis showed that the level of economic awareness and awareness of processing plants and product packaging can affect the farmers' desire to change the cultivation pattern to cultivation of medicinal plants.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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