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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Aurel LUP, Liliana MIRON

At the end of 1989, over 3 of 5.5 million ha were fitted with irrigation systems, namely more than 1/3 of the Romanian cropland. At that date, Romania was third in Europe after Spain (3.3 million ha) and Italy (3.14 million ha), countries with larger croplands, over 2.2 times and 20% more, respectively, but with less precipitation. At international level, Romania was on twelve place in terms of irrigated surface per capita. Annually, over 100 thousand ha were upgraded for irrigation, but many systems were left unfinished, the water transport canals unlined, lacking water measurement devices or drainage and water recirculation systems. The exploitation of the irrigation systems was also deficient, both in hydrotechnical and agrophytotechnical terms. Thus, the technical and economical parameters were not accomplished. Given these conditions, studies were initiated starting with 1990 to rehabilitate and also continue such projects of land reclamation left at various stages of execution. According to the report of a governmental commission, at the end of 1989, over 750 investment works valued at approximately 25 billion lei were in progress. In the field of irrigation, the first systems studied starting with 1990 were: Carasu, Galatui and Pietroiu with a total surface of over 300 thousand ha. Between 1992 and 1994, a joint Romanian-British team studied 100 irrigation systems and reached the conclusion that 1200-1500 thousand ha can be irrigated in Romania in conditions of economical efficiency. Also in 1994, a Japanese company studied the irrigable perimeter in south Moldavia and an American company explored the market for high-productivity irrigation equipment. (The author of this article collaborated as consultant in all these studies.) In time, there were other commissions that analyzed the irrigation situation in Romania. A greater project was finalized in 2011 by a Dutch company, found economically viable irrigation systems or parts of irrigation systems summed up to a total surface of over 800 thousand ha, a surface recommended to be included in the investment plan for the next period.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Tarek FOUDA, Adel ELMETWALLI, O. KADDOUR, Asaad DERBALA, K. ABDEL-MOHSEN

The main objective of this research was to manufacture and evaluate a compatible unit including mixing and pelleting to produce Rabbit feed pellets formula in one operation. The compatible was evaluated under operating parameters including four different retention time (2,3.5,4 and 5min) and four L/D ratio (5:1 5.5:1, 6:1 and 6.5:1) were investigated under the above mentioned parameters. The optimum results compatible unit were die L/D ratio of 5.5:1, 3.5min of mixing retention time, and rollers teeth width of 10mm. 427.87kg/h production rate 37.96 kW.h/ton energy requirement.88.29% mixing efficiency, 0.671gm/cm3 bulk density, 93.21% durability, 49.01N hardiness, and 566.36 LE/ton using residues formulation including black seed meal.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Olimpia PANDIA, Ion SARACIN, Ion BOZGA, Ștefania Eliza TANASIE

Medicago Sativa, also known as fodder for animals, has the propriety to increase the content of organic substance from the soil. After the biological, chemical and biochemical research on this plant, there was found an important/significant content of nutritive substances necessary for the human body and, used in various forms (as tea, juice, salads etc.), contributes in the same time as naturist medicine for human organism, or just in therapeutic forms for treating or improving diseases (as tinctures, capsules, powder etc.).sent the results obtained in order to determine the optimal moment for harvesting green leaves of Medicago sativa and the establishment of the maximum content in nutritive substances. Medicago sativa distinguished by the high content in enzymes, phytoestrogen, protein, Calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, essential amino acids and vitamins C, B6, D, A, K and E (biologist Frank Bouer). Because the quantity of vegetal protein existing in the green leaves of the plant is higher than the one existing in the animal protein and the vitamin C is four times higher than in citrus (Gillian Mc Keith, 2008), the values of the two nutrients are determined in two different moments of leaf harvesting.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Silvia ZAHARCO

The present work is a study of migration phenomenon from national rural areas as well as of the social, demographic and economic effects caused by migration. There was analyzed the impact of migration on rural areas under general migration trends of the country and the peculiarities of the rural sector in the Republic of Moldova. Migration from rural areas is caused by lack of jobs, poor living standards, rising unemployment. Migration is an attractive opportunity, particularly for the rural population and remittances continue to be an essential support for the Moldovan economy. For these reasons, it is necessary to elaborate the ways to strengthen the development potential of migrants to their home country and to overcome the social consequences of migration.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Tarek FOUDA, Adel ELMETWALLI, Samier SHALABY, Amina ALBEBANY

The experimental work was carried out through agricultural summer season of 2014 at the experimental farm of Gemmiza Research Station, Gharbiya governorate to minimize energy and costs in weeding and fertilizing processes for fiber crops (Kenaf and Roselle) in small farms. The manufactured multipurpose unit performance was studied as a function of change in machine forward speed (2.2, 2.8, 3.4 and 4 Km/h) fertilizing rates (30,45 and 60 Kg.N.fed-1),and constant soil moisture content was 20%(d.b) in average. Performance of the manufactured machine was evaluated in terms of fuel consumption, power and energy requirements, effective field capacity, theoretical field capacity, field efficiency, and operational costs as a machine measurements .The experiment results reveled that the manufactured machine decreased energy and increased effective field capacity and efficiency under the following conditions: -machine forward speed 2.2Kmlh. -moisture content average 20%.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Tatiana ŞEVCIUC, Veronica PRISĂCARU

Commercial banks perform operations on the currency market in order to buy a certain amount of currency that is necessary in their currency activities with clients, to receive speculative earnings as a result of currency purchase-sale transactions, as well as to cover the risks that appear in currency exchange fluctuations. This article evaluates the peculiarities of the accounting of foreign currency sale and purchase through transfer and in cash. The article also pays special attention to the ways of starting and managing of currency accounts in licensed banks and to the foreign exchange offices organization and functioning in the Republic of Moldova.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Teodora STOEVA

Bulgaria has many years of experience, well-established traditions and vast opportunities in the sphere of agriculture and particularly in vegetable production. Vegetable production has been a traditional sub-sector of Bulgarian plant production. The development of this sub-sector is determined by the favorable natural, soil, climatic and geographical conditions in the country as well as by the rich production experience and national traditions of Bulgarian people over the years. Vegetable production forms 15% of the gross output of Bulgarian agriculture, which determines its importance for the agricultural sector in Bulgaria. The evaluation and analysis of the contemporary situation for the development of vegetable production are issues of current importance for Bulgarian agriculture in the context of the Common agricultural policy. The purpose of this article is to examine the prerequisites, conditions, status and issues associated with the development of agriculture and vegetable production in Bulgaria with a view to improving the economic performance.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Suzana Carmen CISMAS, Claudia MIHALCEA-CODREANU, Gabriela ANDREIASU, Anca Gabriela DIACONU

Our current approach offers an opportunity to analyse the trends in a wide range of educational topics, policies and best practice over the past decade and to assess the challenges lying ahead. We hope that this body of data and information will serve as a valuable source for decision makers in various education areas. Reviewing and reforming educational strategies need to be performed so as to ensure access to high quality instruction and training for all citizens, thus facilitating long-term socio-economic growth and stability. This study analyses the main young adult English learning styles & strategies used in acquiring and improving the communicative competence in English for effectively meeting the demands of the future career. The labour market nowadays is characterized by rapid changes in technology, spectacular developments, higher standards and unprecedented mobility and comfort. All these have essentially changed the way we live and communicate, generating the need for lifelong learning, not only for jobs, but also for active and creative adaptation to the rhythm of common daily life. Foreign language(s) communication competences, as well as computer skills, are indispensable for meeting the current employment standards.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Dragoș Mihai MEDELETE, Radu Lucian PĂNZARU

It is important that pastoral fund of our country has to be preserved, provided that there is a tendency for degradation quite pronounced. Best grassland biodiversity is conserved if it uses mainly organic fertilizers, as agro funds so I experienced several models of fertilization. Experiences that take place in the Experimental Center for Culture of grasslands Preajba - Gorj County, are supported by strategic project "Support Scholarships University in Romania by the European Doctoral and Post-doctoral (SCHOLARSHIPS DOC-POSDOC)", ID 133255, making it one on natural grassland and the other on natural meadow over seeded. I used Red clover for over seeding and noticed that in the first year of experimentation (2014), total production was closely related to the amount of manure used, being less influenced by the amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Agatha POPESCU

The aim of the paper was to analyze Romania's labour productivity in agriculture, forestry and fishery based on the empirical data collected from the National Institute of Statistics for the period 2007-2012. A number of five methods of labour productivity calculation and the chain substitution method to analyze the influence of various factors were used, and finally the trends and solutions to increase labour productivity were identified. For all the productivity indicators there were calculated the statistical parameters: average, standard deviation, variance, standard error and variation coefficient. In the period 2007-2012, the average labour productivity in Romania's agriculture, forestry and fishery accounted for 7.7 persons per one person employed in this field of activity, Lei 23,482.83 agricultural production value per employed person in agriculture, Lei 11,456 gross value added per employed person in agriculture, Lei 11,198 per employed person and Lei 6.42 per hour worked in agriculture as found by NIS. The variation of these indicators was 16 % across the whole analyzed period. Labour productivity in Romania's agriculture is lower than in other sectors of the economy and mainly regarding the EU average and the top productivity in the Netherlands, Denmark, France, United Kingdom and Germany. In the period 2007-2012, Romania registered Euro 4,329/AWU representing 28.92 % of Euro 14,967/AWU average labour productivity in the EU-27. To increase labour productivity, it is needed to assure a modern technical endowment, the knowledge transfer to farmers, the increase of their training level and managerial skills, the intensification of the extension system services, the stimulation of young farmers and women to develop business in agriculture and traditional activities and services, the assurance of funding for investments and modernization, the creation of jobs and new income sources for the agricultural employees and rural population. Only in this way, profitableness and competitiveness could be grown in agriculture.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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