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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 13 ISSUE 3
Written by Cristina BALACEANU

Agriculture is perceived by the EU as occupying a special place in its economic and social structure, because of its content and its relevance at the level of each individual. Consequently, the EU sustains that the relative poverty of a high proportion of its agricultural and rural population needs a protectionist price policy combined with a long term policy that would aim at its rural development, especially in the peripheral and poorly developed areas. Between EU policies Common Agricultural Policy is regarded as one of the most important. This not only because of the budget for the Union to finance this policy (which is about 50% of the total budget) the number of people affected and territory involved, but also the historical importance of delegated sovereign attributes EU Member States to the decision. The importance of the Common Agricultural Policy derives of close links with the single market and economic and monetary union, two key areas of European integration.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 13 ISSUE 3
Written by Agatha POPESCU

The purpose of the paper was the analysis of the agro-food foreign trade position in Romania’s foreign trade in the period 2005-2010. Agro-food foreign trade registered a fast dynamics, its volume accounting for Euro Million 7,053 in 2010, being by 161 % higher than in 2005. Its share in Romania’s foreign trade increased from 3.02 % in 2005 to 8.36 % in 2010. Vegetal products are the best exported goods (52.41 %), followed by food products, beverages and tobacco (28.46 %). Romania’s import is mainly dominated by food products, beverages and tobacco (40.34 %) and vegetal products (29.06 %). The EU countries are the main trade partners, accounting for about 80 % both in the export and import value. In 2010, agro-food export accounted for 8.54 % and agro-food import for 9.42 % in Romania’s trade with the EU. Romania’s agro-food products are mainly exported in Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, the Netherlands, Spain and Germany and imports come especially from Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, the Netherlands, Poland and Italy. The agro-food trade has become a more and more efficient part of Romania’s trade taking into consideration the export share in GDP, import coverage by export and export per inhabitant.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 13 ISSUE 3
Written by Radko RADEV

The following paper presents the results of an analysis of the intensity of competition in the milk and milk products sector in Bulgaria. The analysis is performed by adapting the Porter’s five forces model and based on the specific features of the sector concerned. For this purpose the author accepts the industrial concept of interpretation of competition: two levels of consideration of the competition intensity are differentiated - product class as a whole and separate product categories. Although not going into greater depth, the study reports the need of deepening the analysis by individual product groups, price levels and specific segments. The author proposes a methodological framework by which an analysis of the intensity of competition is conducted. Due to volume limitations of the publication, the emphasis of the paper is on the intensity of competition between existing companies; the barriers to enter and exit the sector are also presented; substitute products are marked briefly. The remaining forces from the five forces model are marked without going into details.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 13 ISSUE 3
Written by Daniela CREŢU, Andrei Radu IOVA

The immediate effect of the application of the Land Law in Călăraşi county agriculture, the restructuring of the the farm units configuration by preponderance of small individual land, reduced the positive implications of the privatization process, resulting in a less viable economic model in terms of resources and efficiency . These structures determined the intensive consume of labour force, which led to the attraction of part of the labor force in other sectors, in agriculture, representing small farmers producing for own consumption and for selling products on the rural market.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 13 ISSUE 3
Written by Petru STEFEA, Karim MAMDOUH ABBAS, Osama WAGDI WADI

The following investigation aims to determine the aspects of obstacles for applying Activity Based Costing (ABC) system in the Egyptian case and the significant differences among the effects of such obstacles . The Study used the survey method to describe and analyze the obstacles in some Egyptian firms. The population of the study is Egyptian manufacturing firms. This survey used the number of 392 questionnaires that were used throughout the total of 23 Egyptian manufacturing firms, during the first half of 2013. Finally, the study found some influencing obstacles for applying this system (ABC) and there were significant differences among the aspects of obstacles for applying ABC system in the Egyptian manufacturing firms.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 13 ISSUE 3
Written by Branko MIHAILOVIC, Drago CVIJANOVIC

In this paper researches a role of business ethics in the environment protection, along with respect of the sustainable development modern concept. The modern industry (and agro-industry) and a factory (farm) work development, together with great migrations of people across the oceans and continents, especially during the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, has led to great changes in a way the people have worked and done business. The economy has surpassed from agriculture and family cooperatives to urban, industrial organizations. These changes impact to individuals, workers, families, a community and the environment, as well as an ascent of a new class of wealthy business leaders, but also new poverty zones, have led to an occurrence of an enhanced ethical debate, not just among an academic community, but among writers, politicians, priests, poets and populists, too. The sustainability fundamental principles in perspective of a man's environment protection comprise an effective management of physical resources, in a way they to be preserved for the future. All bio-systems observe as the one with limited resources and a final capacity, and thereby also the sustainable human activity must act at the level which does not jeopardize the endangered species health.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 13 ISSUE 3
Written by Diana VÂNĂTORU (RĂDULESCU), Ion DONA

In our country, the territory with increased risk from droughts, with a tendency to aridity and desertification even includes large areas of southern Oltenia region; we may consider this to be the most exposed to desertification in Romania. In this context, we analyzed the evolution of agriculture in micro area Caracal (in the towns belonging to that micro-area) in the past decade, drawing out the dependence of production on climatic phenomenon. For conditions in Caracal micro area, the Seleaninov indices were calculated and these were correlated with the economic and financial information for the micro region. Our results have revealed that the maize crop is exposed to losses, and the least exposed is the sunflower. Wheat performed relatively better than maize, as demonstrated by the reduction in the period of maize acreage and a slight increase in areas planted with winter wheat. The main conclusion drawn from research undertaken in Caracal micro region is that agriculture is increasingly volatile to climate change variations from one production year to another, with direct implications on the financial results of farmers.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 13 ISSUE 3
Written by Alexandra MUSCĂNESCU

As regards to organic farming, organic farms have a lot of shortcomings in ensuring smooth organization of production due to climatic factors or crop sensitivity and action of pests and diseases, but especially to the high cost of inputs, reduced subsidies and difficulties in obtaining fair prices on the market. Understanding how the organizational structure of the business can compete to ensure efficiency at farm level is an important means to resolve these deficiencies. In this context, this paper aims to identify the characteristics of the organization of organic crop farms starting from an interview-based analysis of two large crop specialised farms in Tulcea and Calaraşi Counties. The information obtained through this method of investigation has been translated into a SWOT analysis and represented the basis for comparison with information gathered from other interviews from two organic farms in Scotland. The main conclusions we reached highlight two types of organization systems, one without integration and another with supply chain integration, very similar to the Scottish ones, but also showing a very obvious difference in the mentality of the farm owners; Romanians focusing on meeting the conditions for certification and maintenance of crops in organic, and the Scots at finding new markets.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 13 ISSUE 3
Written by Agatha POPESCU

The goal of the paper was the analysis of Romania’s the agro-food export, import and trade balance by the EU country group and agro-food product group based on the statistical data in the year 2010 in order to identify the commercial relationships with a positive and respectively a negative impact of the trade balance. The EU trade partners were divided into 4 groups: Central Eastern (CE), Western (W), Northern (N) and Southern (S) EU countries and the agro-food product groups were: Live animals and preparations of animal origin, Vegetal products, Fats and oils of vegetal and animal origin, Food, beverages and tobacco. The data were processed using the share and comparison methods. In 2010, Romania registered a negative agro-food trade balance with a deficit of Euro thousand 903,148.This was due to the unefficient commerce with the CE and W EU countries, which together recorded Euro Thousand 1,400,298 deficit. The balance was positively influenced by the Southern EU trade partners whose contribution accounted for Euro thousand 513,953. Therefore, the agro-food trade has to be intensified with the Southern EU countries and to become more relaxed with the CE and W EU countries, especially regarding imports. Live animals are mainly required in the CE and W EU countries, vegetal products in the W and S EU countries, fats and oils in the CE and S EU countries, and finally, food, beverages and tobacco in the S and the CE EU countries. Agro-food imports have to be substantially diminished as long as Romania’ s agriculture is able to produce for the internal market and export has to be intensified especially with the countries with a positive impact on the trade balance.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 13 ISSUE 3
Written by Agatha POPESCU

The paper aimed to analyze the dynamics of Romania’s population and mainly of the rural population in the period 2005-2010. The following indicators were used: total population, rural population, the share of rural population in the total population, active population at national level, in the rural areas and the share of the rural active population in the total population, employment, unemployment, activity rate, employment rate, unemployment rate, employment rate by educational level, employment in agriculture by population’s age, active persons by age group. As a conclusion, Romania’s rural population accounts for 45 % of total population. A series of restraining factors such as: ageing, low training level, low capital and financial resources, lack of investments and other job alternatives affect the development of the rural areas where most of the population is dealing with agriculture. Rural space requires a multifunctional development meaning to achieve a balanced combination between agriculture, connected industries and services which could create jobs and raise the population income and living standard. This means investments both in agricultural and non-agricultural activities, a new national and local policy concerning the development of rural communities.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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