Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Elena BONCIU, Recep LIMAN, İbrahim Hakki CIGERCI

The behaviour of in vitro cell cultures is different from that of in vivo cells, when they are integrated into the organism. The selective death of cells, tissues and organs is a feature of plant development and survival. The process is called programmed cell death due to the organism's involvement in controlling of the initiation and execution of this process. The programmed cell death is an active, genetically controlled process that leads to the selective elimination of damaged cells. This complex process is present throughout the life of plants, from the seed germination to the maturation and senescence of plants. Cell death in plants has specific features due to the cell wall in particular but also of the presence of some specific structures of the plant cell, such as chloroplasts and vacuole. Exposure of plants to various stressors can induce oxidative stress and can be followed by cell death. However, cell death under abiotic stress conditions can also be a regulated process, meant to ensure the survival of plants. The programmed cell elimination plays an essential role in the desired modelling of plants, and this goal is the prerogative of genetic bioengineering, via cell cultures. The fascinating field of genetic bioengineering has a huge potential for the programmed modelling of the plants and obtaining new genotypes, with superior properties and high capacity to adapt to different environmental conditions, corresponding to the requirements of a sustainable management of modern agriculture.

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