Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 22 ISSUE 1
Written by Cleiton Pereira DE SOUZA, Elena BONCIU

Genome manipulation is one of the emerging fields with impressive implications for genetic modification and biotechnology. Targeted genome editing has the general objective of improving the quality and productivity in agriculture, which includes the creation of plants with improved value in terms of composition and nutritional properties and with characteristics that provide resistance to various biotic and abiotic stressors. On the other hand, the progress and development of biotechnology can be the most viable solution for a modern agriculture, favoring the development of sustainable production methods. In this context, the purpose of the paper was to provide a summary of the achievements of genomics and biotechnology with application in agriculture and especially the role of these modern technologies on food security, in the context of unprecedented population growth and climate change. The used methods included searching of the multiple databases and hand searching of the specialized literature with the latest publications in the field. As results, it can be appreciated that the genomics and biotechnology can be an alternative and sustainable management tools to such important sector like agriculture. Thus, the gene editing can make agricultural systems more efficient being involved in creating resistant crops to disease, pests, drought, or other climate change. Also, the biotechnology strategies lead to obtaining a higher yield, improving the quality and diversification of products, in conditions of reduced use of nitrates and other chemical fertilizers and the rational use of water. The development of genomic and biotechnological technologies is one of the few ways that can bring an extensive wave of innovation and really represents the key to effective solutions for solving of the main current global challenges.

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