ISSN 2284-7995, ISSN Online 2285-3952
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 19 ISSUE 1
Written by Tarek FOUDA, Mohamed DARWESH, Mahmoud ELKHODAREY

Potato varieties (Hermes and Lady Rosetta) harvested from different type of soil (clay and sandy) were vital factors have deep effect in peeling processes addition to potato condition (freshly harvested and stored in a refrigerator for 3 months at a temperature ranges between +7 and +10 Co and relative humidity ranges between 90% and 95%) were used. .The main objective of this research studies on the factors affecting for abrasive peeling machine performance. The measurements and indicators such as physical properties of potato, the peeling efficiency, peel losses, and emery work time were tested. The results showed that when used stored potato tubers the peeling efficiency decreased by average 16.1 % with using stored potato tubers , the peel losses of potatoes during peeling process decreased by average 16.95 % with using stored potato tubers. Fresh potato tubers showed the decreased in peel efficiency from 96.8 to 52.3 % after 2000 hours from working time, while with using stored potatoes the peel efficiency more decreased from 93 to 54.8 % after 2000 hours of working time .Also fresh potato tubers showed the decreased in peel percent from 2.0 to 0.85 % after 2000 hours from working time, while with using stored potatoes the peel losses of potatoes more decreased from1.85 to 0.77 % after 2000 hours of working time .

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 19 ISSUE 1
Written by Elena BULARCA (OLARU), Elena TOMA

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the differences between labour productivity in the Romanian agriculture and the European Union countries, determining the impact on the farming system. The article is made with the help of the data from the Eurostat and the National Institute of Statistics. It use three different modalities to estimate agricultural labour productivity in European Union and in Romania. Labour productivity in agriculture, forestry and fishery sector is still very low in Romania compared to EU-28 member countries. Labour productivity in Romanian agriculture sector is lower than in other members’ countries of European Union, where it is very significant (Dutch, Danish, Belgian or French productivity is 10-15 times higher). Analysing labour productivity in Romania's agriculture sector by economic activities, it is noted that agriculture has the smallest labour productivity. In view of the existence of a large number of employed persons in Romania agriculture (10.45% of the total population), it is very important to increase labour productivity in Romania because it has a major impact on economic growth and the standard of living.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 19 ISSUE 1
Written by Toyin Femi OJO, Gbenga Festus KOLODEYE, Taiwo Sulaiman OLADELE

The study accessed agrochemical based information usage among cocoa farmers in Nigeria with a view to determine the sustainability of information sources for an increased cocoa production in the study area. Simple random sampling was used to select 120 cocoa farmers using structured interview schedule. Results showed that farmers were in their 50s with about 12 years of formal education. Radio (mean = 2.56) ranked highest among the sources of information while about 60 percent of the respondents indicated a very high level of usage of agrochemical information in cocoa production. Results of Pearson Product Moment Correlation showed a significant relationship between farmers’ perception (r = 0.365; p≤0.01) and usage of agrochemical based information. The findings conclude that the use of mass media as the most frequently used among farmers for agrochemicals in cocoa production may be sustainable. It is therefore recommended that the use of mass media for agrochemicals usage in cocoa production should be reinforced in passing other information to cocoa farmers.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 19 ISSUE 1
Written by Steliana RODINO, Alina BUTU, Vili DRAGOMIR, Marian BUTU

Bioeconomy was defined as the economic sector which is based on sustainable use of bioresources (crops, wood, vegetal and microbial biomass), provided either by the soil or the aquatic environment, for producing food, materials and energy. The present paper is representing an overview of the opportunities and challenges surrounding green growth through the use of biomass as renewable raw material in the transition towards bioeconomy. Global and European data are provided, and Romanian situation is briefly described. In a broad sense, biomass is a general term, covering various biological materials that can be further used in the production of renewable energy or materials. The biomass signifies the biodegradable part of byproducts, wastes and residues of biological (vegetal and animal) origin from agriculture, silviculture, related industries and also urban activities. It came into the attention due to the increased potential as clean, affordable and renewable bioenergy source, with a particular interest on the production processes that imply agricultural and forest waste as those two possess a great potential throughout the whole world.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 19 ISSUE 1
Written by Svetlana Viktorovna PANASENKO, Ibragim Agaevich RAMAZANOV, Oksana Sergeevna KARASHCHUK, Elena Aleksandrovna MAYOROVA, Alexander Fedorovich NIKISHIN

The market for grain is vital to the achievement of a nation’s food security, promoting development in adjacent sectors of its economy, and driving its economic development in general. This paper attempts to determine the degree to which reductions in grain production in 2018 may affect Russia’s self-sufficiency in grain and grain prices. To this end, the authors analyzed the formation and use of grain resources in the Russian Federation, assessed Russia’s self-sufficiency in grain, and assessed the correlation between grain production and grain prices in the Russian Federation. The findings indicate that Russia’s grain production is currently characterized by positive trends, with boosts posted in grain production, reserves, and exports. With Russia’s increasing self-sufficiency in grain, its robust grain production levels are making it possible to fully provide for the nation’s internal need for grain, as well as produce enough grain to export. In the authors’ view, reductions in grain production in 2018 should not jeopardize Russia’s self-sufficiency in grain or cause its shortages. Reduced grain production should not result in a rise in prices for grain and related food products (bread, macaroni, flour, etc.), as Russia’s domestic market for grain has no reverse correlation between production and prices. Despite the positive trends, Russia’s grain production sector has been faced with a number of issues, like low economic efficiency levels, low productivity levels, and poor grain quality. These issues could be resolved through modernizing the nation’s grain production sector, with a focus on directing the Russian economy to an innovation-focused path of development.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 19 ISSUE 1
Written by Larisa CREMENEAC, Valentina ABRAMOVA

The accumulation of nitro compounds in plants depends on several factors, in particular: the doses and frequency of incorporation of organic and mineral fertilizers in the soil, the amount of nitro compounds accumulated in soil and plants, climatic conditions, the period of plant physiological development, water insufficiency, etc. All of these factors contribute to the accumulation in quantities which exceed the admissible limit concentration (ALC) of nitro compounds in plants, including fodder. The main causes which contribute to the nitro intoxication of the animals are: the non-compliance of the rules on the storage and use of nitrogen fertilizers, the lack of zoo veterinary control over the quality of the fodder which contains amounts that exceed the ALC. The most sensitive to nitro intoxication are ruminants. The degree of nitrate hazard is mainly determined by the total toxicity of all metabolites formed in the fermentation process in the multi-chamber stomach of ruminant animals. Nitro intoxication of the animals occurs as a result of the penetration of nitro compounds into the body with food and drinking water which contain nitrites and nitrates that exceed ALC. The use of feed in animal ration, fodder and water with high nitrite and nitrate content leads to acute or chronic intoxication, which affects animal health and the quality of animal products.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 19 ISSUE 1
Written by Daniela PLEȘOIANU, Iuliana FILIP

This paper follows the description of the physico-geographic natural setting from the Razim-Sinoe lagoon complex area and the detailed presentation of its characteristics. The tasks of the study are determined by the achievement of goals by conducting a series of data and information analyzes, consulting a number of specialized sources in the field of geography. The statistical data and graphs present in the paper were processed after the Meteorological Center Dobrogea Litoral and the Dobrogea Seaside Basin Administration. Materials and studies were also carried out by Geoecomar, but also by the Danube Delta Biosphere Administration, given the complexity of the complex. The interpretation of the obtained information and data is presented by the analysis method, being represented by interpretations, maps, graphs, tables, statistical data representing the product of the research, indicating the role of the elements in the structure of the whole work. Given the large expanse and geographical position of the lagoon complex, the hydric and physico-chemical regimes have certain peculiarities. Due to its peculiarities, the very diverse fauna and flora present in the Razim-Sinoe complex, it can be said that it is one of the main tourist attractions in the area.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 19 ISSUE 1
Written by Lenuta CHIRA, Adrian CHIRA, Elena DELIAN, Ligia ION, Constantin NICOLAE

The consumption of fresh apples has been and still is recommended by nutritionists, in favour of frozen, dehydrated or heat processed fruit. In the current study, we intend to present the evolution of the main physical and chemical components with nutritional value of some apple varieties, cultivated in both Europe and Romania. 6 varieties have been observed, namely: Redix, Goldrush, Florina, Generos, Topaz and Enterprise. Biometric measurements have been carried out, as well as the organoleptic assessment and physio-chemical tests: pulp firmness, soluble dry matter, titratable acidity and the content of Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C). The analysis had two storage variants: V1.Cooling Room, at T = 4 0C and RH =85%.; and V II. Traditional Cellar with T = 12-15 0C and RH = 70 - 75%. In both storage conditions, after 90 days the Enterprise variety has excelled, receiving the highest score in the organoleptic assessment and has also had higher S.D.M. and Vitamin C quantities in comparison with the other varieties put under observation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 19 ISSUE 1
Written by Elena DERUNOVA, Natal’ya KIREEVA, Olesya PRUSCHAK

The article discusses various aspects of food security: the level of self-sufficiency, physical and economic accessibility of food. Methodical approaches to the assessment of food security are proposed: the physical availability of food through the coefficient of sufficiency of consumption of basic types of food (meat, milk, vegetables), economic affordability through the share of food costs in household expenditures. The values of various levels (permissible and critical) of food availability are substantiated. Based on the regression analysis, factors determining the physical and economic accessibility of food have been identified. The forecast of the level of achievement of the criteria of food security was fulfilled, which made it possible to estimate the timeframe and resource possibilities in terms of the main types of food. The dependence of the adequacy of consumption of basic food products to a greater degree on the increase in domestic production than on the external content of the food market has been revealed. It has been proven that physical accessibility does not always mean the economic accessibility of food. The degree of differentiation of individual subjects of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation on the level of economic and physical accessibility of food has been evaluated. It is concluded that there is an interconnection between various aspects of food security. The results of the study can be used to justify the priorities of the agri-food policy.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 19 ISSUE 1
Written by Olha DOROSH, Iosyp DOROSH, Viacheslav FOMENKO, Andriy DOROSH, Viktoriia SALIUTA

It was found that a rapid decrease in the population, monopolization of agricultural and other production in rural areas leads to a decrease in local budget revenues, which makes it impossible to maintain its own infrastructure at the proper level. It is proved that rational, aimed at the economic development allocation of subventions and subsidies, their distribution among rural communities, and the most important areas of funding will solve this problem. In view of this, the system of distribution of subventions and subsidies funds of the Ukrainian government for local budgets between the UTCs budgets and expenditure purposes (only UAH 1 billion or 2.8% of the total funds is spent on the development of UTCs) is analysed. It is substantiated that the system of allocation of subventions and subsidies and their distribution among rural communities have a positive impact on the change of indicators of sustainable development of rural territories. We propose a methodology for calculating the necessary level of average annual growth of the community budget in order to reach the current level of expenditures by own revenues. Taking into account the results obtained, it is found that for most communities budget revenues have to grow 6.9-10.0% annually, the financing of programs of economic development of the UTCs will require a significant increase, which will allow communities to achieve economic growth.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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