Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 1
Written by Olga Ivanovna VLASOVA, Vera Mikhailovna PEREDERIEVA, Olga Georgievna SHABALDAS

The purpose of the research is to study the relationship between cultivated and weed plants at the level of competition and allelopathy, which will allow us to substantiate a systematic approach to regulating the number of weeds. Species composition of weed vegetation was determined by an instrumental method. The number and biomass of weed plants were counted by the quantitative weight method of Vasilyev et al.(2005). Allelopathic properties of the most common weeds in crops were determined by the method of Grodzinsky (1965). As a result of this research it was found that on average rotational crops remove 103.6 kg/ha of nitrogen, 51.5 kg/ha of phosphorus, and 96.9 kg/ha of potassium. The main species of weeds of field crops remove 124.1, 12.9 and 18.9 kg/ha of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively, mainly due to such species as Loliumtemulentum L., Galiumaparine L., Cirsiumarvense L., Ambrosia artemisifolia L. and Chorisporatenella (Pall.) DC. At the same time most of the studied species of weeds have high allelopathic activity. Particular attention should be paid to Loliumtemulentum L., since its grains have the fungus Stromatiniatemulenta, which produces the alkaloid temulin. In high concentrations it has an inhibitory effect on the germination of test-culture seeds. Thus, the growth index at the concentration of the tested solution 1:50 is 0.34, and at 5:50 – 0.16; similar indices were found under the action of Centaureacyanus L. and Taraxacum officinale L. This research suggests that winter wheat agrocenoses contains both allelopathically active species and species to which the plants are tolerant. This is of practical value since it allows a differentiated approach to the system of integrated weed control measures, in particular to the choice of herbicides aimed at destroying allelopathic active weed species. This study was aimed to study the relationships between cultivated and weed plants at the level of competition and allelopathy.

[Read full article] [Citation]