ISSN 2284-7995, ISSN Online 2285-3952
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2
Written by Vania GEORGIEVA, Nadezhda BLAGOEVA

Municipal waste management is one of the most complex flows to manage. It is usually delegated to local authorities and funded by the revenue from the municipal waste charge. The critical introduction of the polluter pays principle raises the question of how to reasonably set the municipal waste charge. It should be structured so that it generates sufficient revenue to cover the costs of waste management. At the same time, it should influence human behaviour to reduce waste even at the source. Achieving both at the same time requires a strong link to the tax base of the charge. The fairest one is linked to the amount of household waste. Such a link is necessary to incentivise taxpayers to effectively reduce and manage the waste generated. Bulgaria is among the countries that have postponed such a reform for many years, but it is now becoming inevitable. The main objective of this study is to assess and analyse the current financial instruments and tax legislation related to municipal waste management in the Republic of Bulgaria. The critical point is to evaluate the link between the tax base and the taxpayers’ behaviour by setting the municipal waste charge in the Republic of Bulgaria. The methods of retrospective analysis and synthesis, inductive and deductive methods and comparative analysis are used to achieve the aims and objectives of the study. In Bulgaria, an unfair tax base has always been applied in determining the municipal waste charge. It depends not on the amount of waste but on the property’s tax assessment. The fiscal policy in Bulgaria related to the municipal waste management needs to be updated to achieve the targets set in the Bulgarian National Waste Management Plan 2021-2028. The change should affect both the methodology of calculating the waste charge to apply the "polluter pays" principle and the system of tax preferences and reliefs to encourage the rational treatment of household waste, such as recycling.

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GEORGIEVA V., BLAGOEVA N. 2023, A FAIR TAX BASE FOR THE MUNICIPAL WASTE CHARGE – KEY TO AN EFFECTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 247-256.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2
Written by Sorin IONITESCU

Agriculture, as the basic branch of the national economy, is placed among the priority areas of the application of informatics. The goal of the agricultural digitalization strategy is to incorporate computer technologies at the workplace of engineers, technicians, economists and farm managers. Emphasis is placed on the development of software products for the design and implementation of high-performance remote data processing systems and database management systems, along with a sustained concern for professional training of users and providing technical assistance to production units. In this context the paper aimed to set up a linear simulation model for optimizing crop structure in order to maximize income in a vegetal farm using linear programming and simplex method. The model included: the 8 unknown variables for the cultivated area with 8 crops: wheat, rye, barley, peas, rape, soybean, maize and sunflower, 14 restrictions regarding Diesel fuel, fertilizers, herbicides, total surface, expenditures, income, and area per each crop, and objective - function f(Max) Income. The data processing for the simulation model was assisted by Solver from MS Excel application. The results offered solutions for the basic primal and dual problems. For a surface of 760 ha entirely cultivated, the optimal area by crop was the following one: 120 ha wheat, 25 ha rye, 120 ha barley, 50 ha peas, 90 ha rape, 125 ha soybean, 170 ha maize, 60 ha sunflower. The maximum income obtained was Lei 2,210,750, while the consumed expenditures accounted for Lei 1,349,150 and profit for Lei 861,600. Average profit rate was Lei 0.64 per 1 Leu spent. The model also assured savings of Diesel and NPK. As a final conclusion, this simulation model proved that farmers have at their disposal an important IT tool which could help them to use linear programming and simplex method to find optimal solutions for their practical technical and economic problems and assure a high efficient agrobusiness.

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IONITESCU S. 2023, A LINEAR SIMULATION MODEL FOR OPTIMIZING CROP STRUCTURE IN ORDER TO MAXIMIZE INCOME IN A VEGETAL AGRICULTURAL FARM . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 305-314.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2
Written by Delyana DIMOVA

The current paper presents a mathematical approach for evaluation of the purchased quantities of several types of meat average per household in Bulgaria. The investigated groups of data are stored in a relational database. They include the following eight considered elements - pork meat, lamb meat, minced meat, poultry meat, mutton and goat meat, edible offals and bacon. Certain set of variables have been calculated and analysed during the studied period (2010-2021). The pace of change of the indicated variableshas also been discussed for the mentioned years. It significantly supports users in decision making and presenting the obtained conclusions about the examined objects.The share of average purchased quantities per household for poultry meat is higher in comparison with that for the other investigated types of meat for each one year of the period. The pace of change of the examined indicator for the pork meat is comparatively more intensive in 2019-2021. Only, the values of this indicator for edible offals decreased continuously for ten of the considered twelve years.

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DIMOVA D. 2023, A MATHEMATICAL APPROACH FOR EVALUATION OF THE PURCHASED QUANTITIES OF SEVERAL TYPES OF MEAT AVERAGE PER HOUSEHOLD . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 195-200.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2
Written by Silvije JERČINOVIĆ

The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the influence of certain elements of sustainability included in marketing strategies of agricultural companies as the main prerequisite for achieving greater efficiency of their products. Strategic marketing transformation is the result of transformation of organizational culture mediated by market orientation. This research uses a quantitative approach, a stratified proportional random sampling method, with a sample size of n = 147 respondents. The main primary research was conducted using the survey method on a sample of respondents in the Republic of Croatia. For the analysis and processing of the collected data, descriptive analysis, measure of central tendency, measure of dispersion, measure of asymmetry and roundness, then bivariate analysis, and multivariate methods were used. The results of the research confirmed the multidimensionality of the product's effectiveness. The performed regression analysis shows the existence of predictive ability of appropriate elements of marketing transformation in the process of defining and offering effective products on the market (p < 0.001). This knowledge would be useful to agri-food entrepreneurs in the context of defining effective and competitive marketing strategies as an opportunity for development and their economic prosperity.

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JERCINOVIC S. 2023, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS' STRATEGIC MARKETING TRANSFORMATION TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE PATTERNS IN THE CONTEXT OF ACHIEVING HIGHER PRODUCT PERFORMANCE. Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 341-346.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2
Written by Galina LUȘMANSCHI, Maria COJOCARU, Oxana COSTEȚCHI-JUȘCA

Based on the data of the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova, as well as publications of scholars from different countries, the present paper presents the role of agritourism as a field of activity and as an activity generating additional income and diversifying risks for agricultural entities. The selection of the appropriate method of calculating the cost of the agritourism product has been identified by the authors as an acute problem in the field of agritourism services. The insufficient level of research with respect to the issue of accounting and cost calculation related to the implementation of agritourism activities by agricultural entities, imposes the need to develop and apply some methodological instructions for accounting and cost calculation of agritourism products.

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LUSMANSCHI G., COJOCARU M., COSTETCHI-JUSCA O. 2023, AGRITOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA AND TOURISM PRODUCT COST - A REVIEW . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 409-420.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2
Written by Şinasi AKDEMIR, Issaka Saidou ISMAILLA, Aziz MAVRUK

This research aimed to determine the comparison between the cost of energy and the cost price of producing radishes in Osmaniye Province in Turkey, which is an important source of income in agriculture in Turkey. A questionnaire was used to collect data on radish production from the intended target population 149 radish farms in 2019. The sample was calculated using Neyman's method. Based on a sample size the error was defined as 5 percent for 95 percent reliability. The socio-economic characteristics of the farmers were used to present analysis and also secondary data were also used in the research to deepen our knowledge. The results showed that the input energy was 2,946.574 MJ da-1, of which the highest share was related to deep plowing, irrigation, first watering after transplanting, and second plowing with 21.60, 20.07, 19.84 and 12.08%, respectively. The lowest input was belong to Harvest and Packaging with 0.03%. Labor cost (70.75%), fuel cost (14.41%), and material used 14.84%.In addition, the production cost and sales price (＄/ ton) of radish are obtained at 21.69 and 40.21 respectively. We find that the rate of profit from agricultural income was 87.82% while that of energy was 61.38%.

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AKDEMIR S., ISMAILLA I.S., MAVRUK A. 2023, AN ANALYSIS OF ENERGY USE AND INPUT COSTS FOR RADISH PRODUCTION IN TURKEY. Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 13-20.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2
Written by Gabriela-Lucica MĂRGĂRIT, Radu Cristian TOMA, Diana GROPOȘILĂ-CONSTANTINESCU, Dana BARBA, Gabriela POPA

The appearance and evolution of the questionnaire are strictly linked to the history of statistics as a science. Why is the questionnaire related to the history of statistics? As the questionnaire is not a simple list of questions, the important part behind the questions is the statistical interpretation of the answers received from respondents. We have entered several platforms of public opinion polling, with the idea of seeking maximum effect with minimum effort, from a beginner’s position – how can an entrepreneur be at the beginning of the road. It was conduct research on how works and what deliverables give several platforms of public opinion polling. Each tool that loaded and launched the opinion poll on the consumption of craft beer gave answers with different characteristics, the only common basis being the choice of the free package. Results from Google Forms, ZoHo Survey, and Survey Monkey were analyzed and compared. Of all these, the easiest to work with and most complete is ZoHo Survey for those who don't want to use subscription services, and with some financial effort for a Survey Monkey subscription.

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MARGARIT G.L., TOMA R.C., GROPOSILA-CONSTANTINESCU D., BARBA D., POPA G. 2023, ANALYSIS OF RAW DATA RETURNED BY MOST USED ONLINE PUBLIC OPINION POLLS TOOLS. Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 437-448.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2
Written by Horia Nicolae CIOCAN, Toma Adrian DINU, Elena STOIAN, Agatha POPESCU, Reta CONDEI

Starting with the summer of 2020, the farms inputs prices, especially for diesel, seeds, fertilizers and pesticides as well as of grains (cereals and oilseeds) started fluctuating excessively. This phenomenon caused great uncertainty in farmers economic activity, especially for the crop farms that are bulk selling all their products to traders. The uncertainty was primarily caused by the overlap of several factors, some of which were more predictable and some of which took everyone by surprise and caused panic and volatility on the stock markets. The unfortunate events sequence began in early 2020, with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic that caused disruptions in supply chains, import-export bans and lockdowns that reduced the consumption of agri-food products in the HORECA industry. For Romanian farmers, the disturbance created by the pandemic also overlapped with the severe drought that affected production levels in 2020 and 2022, as well as with the hostilities in the region which started at the end of February 2022, and led to the agricultural inputs excessive price increase and high volatility on the commodities exchange. In this sequence of unfortunate events, the farmers' decision regarding the stored grains volumes, inputs purchasing timing and grains selling timing, made a major difference for their business’ financial stability and profitability.

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CIOCAN H.N., DINU T.A., STOIAN E., POPESCU A., CONDEI R. 2023, ANALYSIS OF ROMANIAN FARMERS TRADING BEHAVIOUR IN THE COMMODITIES EXCHANGE UNCERTAINTY CAUSED BY CLIMATE CHANGE, COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND EXTERNAL MARKET CHANGES . Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 165-180.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2
Written by Oana Roberta CREȚU, Valentina Constanța TUDOR , Cecilia Violeta NEAGU

Rural areas in Romania are affected by the significant lack of infrastructure and its deficiencies that have a deep impact both on the economic development and quality of life. According to the latest statistics, 42% of Romania population lives in villages. In the south of the country, 58% of the total population lives in the countryside, being the highest percentage compared to the other regions. Starting from this state of facts, in this study, we set out to make an x-ray of the social-economic profile of the rural environment in Călăraşi county by analyzing the structure and evolution of the number of agricultural companies, the cultivated area, the associative forms from the county, the labor resources employed in agriculture, but also the transport, education and health infrastructure. The analysis of the rural profile of Călăraşi county aims to formulate solutions and proposals in creating concrete conditions regarding the functionality of a socio-economic environment favorable to the consolidation of a sustainable and multifunctional development of the rural space. As research methods, we collected and descriptively analyzed statistical data, studied technical documents and specialized bibliography, and to analyze the state of the county's rural environment, we proceeded to develop a SWOT analysis. The overall analysis of the components of the rural area reveals that the prospects for the development of rural communities are affected by the economic, social and infrastructural backwardness of the rural area of Călăraşi County, but at the same time it has considerable advantages, as presented in the SWOT analysis, whose capitalization will have a significant impact on the future economic and social development of the rural area of the county.

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CRETU O.R., TUDOR V.C., NEAGU C.V. 2023, ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL ECONOMIC PROFILE OF RURAL AREA IN CĂLĂRAȘI COUNTY, ROMANIA. Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 187-194.

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2
Written by Motlalepule SEEMA

South African farmers’ population is declining while those in business are struggling to remain economically viable due to the prevailing economic realities, which include the confluence of global market dynamics, and rising input costs that exert negative impact on the farmers’ income. Agritourism is becoming an increasingly popular alternative form of agricultural enterprise development designed to expand farm income through better and more intensive utilization of existing farm resources. Three hundred questionnaires were distributed to selected farmers obtained from a population of 3,500 using Cochran’s sample size formula. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationships between the characteristics of the farmers’ household and farm business as independent variables. Majority (70.9%) of farmers shows positive interest in offering agritourism because of its ability to stimulate local economic activities and the perceived economic benefits of increased revenues and farmer’s livelihood. The study underscores the potential of agritourism justifying the urgent need to formulate valuable guidelines for the protection and development of the enterprise.

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SEEMA M. 2023, ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEIVED ECONOMIC IMPACT OF AGRITOURISM ON FARMERS' LIVELIHOOD. Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 23 ISSUE 2, PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, 565-576.

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The publisher is not responsible for the opinions published in the Volume. They represent the authors’ point of view.

© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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