ISSN 2284-7995, ISSN Online 2285-3952
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 3
Written by Małgorzata MŁOTEK, Roman STOPA, Piotr KOMARNICKI, Daniel SZYJEWICZ, Łukasz KUTA

The paper presents the results of surface pressure measurements for pears subjected to creep testing. The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Agrophysics at the Agricultural Engineering Institute of Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences. The load was applied using an Instron 5566 testing machine equipped with a strain gauge head of a measuring range up to 1 kN that allowed measuring the strength with an accuracy of 1 N, and the offset with an accuracy of 0.05 mm. The machine was controlled by a computer with BlueHill software which enabled the recording and analysis of test results. The head feed speed until it reached the predetermined value of preload was 1.8 mm∙min-1. A sensor of the Tekscan system with number 5076 was fitted in the testing machine working area to enable continuous observation of the contact surface of the tested fruit with the working element of the testing machine as well as measurement of the surface pressures. The contours and distributions of surface pressures were determined at subsequent stages of the creep test. The maximum and the average values of surface pressures were found to be markedly reduced in the course of the test. The surface pressures distribution in the tested load range was found to take shape typical of contact cases of an elastic character, with the maximum value measured in the central contact zone. At the end of the test there was a slight equalization of pressure distribution on the contact surface of the fruit with the working element of the testing machine. The contact surface area of the maximum surface pressure values clearly increased. The measurements were carried out at three initial load values for 5 repetitions. After initial studies the measuring time at constant load was set at 1200 seconds.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 3
Written by Georgiana Armenița ARGHIROIU, Stelica CRISTEA, Ioan Niculae ALECU

UE 28 became the number 1 world export with agricultural products and agro-foods in the year 2013. Romania’s trade balance with this category of products became positive in the same year. Fruits and seeds from oleaginous plants is the second group of agro-food products, due to that we had competitive advantages and we managed to surplus for the commercial balance of agro-food products in 2013 and 2014. This paper proposes an analysis of foreign trade with oleaginous seeds in the period 2007-2014. By conducting different trade indicators, like the Grubel Lloyd indicator, the imports coverage degree by exports, but also the territorial concentration index, we could observe the commercial evolution of the oleaginous in the last few years. The high demands for oleaginous will lead to increasing production and trading.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 3
Written by Łukasz KUTA, Marek BRENNENSTHUL

Nowadays, in agriculture there are many different sources of accidents and risks developing disorders in musculo-skeletal system. Farmers are often exposed to the possibility of overloading the musculo-skeletal system due to many different activities performed in farms. Based on these circumstances, the studies were conducted aiming as main objective to investigate the causes of disorders in farmer's musculo-skeletal system. Therefore, a survey was conducted on 96 farms. It turned out that many farmers transport the loads only manually. Due to many various tasks performed in farms, farm workers adopt an uncomfortable body position very often: forward inclination of the spine and head, sitting without back support and often kneeling. It generates pains of the upper limbs and legs or stiffness of hands. Based on these results it is very important to perform each agricultural activity very careful and paying attention to other worker during work process in the same farm.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 3
Written by Izabela GOŁĄB, Łukasz KUTA

The level of profitability of production of certain agricultural products is the basis for the decision whether to grow the crop on the farm. The revenues of farms in Poland are highly diversified as confirmed by the results of Polish FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network). The income level is influenced by several factors the most important of which are: natural conditions, farm production potential, intensity of production as well as payments under the Common Agricultural Policy. The increase in wheat growing popularity in Poland consists in a comprehensive use of the harvested grain, large production capacity in the climate and soil conditions of our country and the fact that wheat is a commercial commodity. The paper presents the results of studies performed in years 2011 - 2014 which aimed at comparing the production and economic effect of growing winter wheat on a farm in Radomsko municipality. The necessary information to calculate profitability came from the reports held by the farm to determine the profitability of new cultivation techniques for which the indirect and direct costs as well as profit were calculated.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 3
Written by Narcis Alexandru BOZGA

Organic agriculture is an area in full process of development and the market for organic products is increasing rapidly in recent years, both worldwide and in Romania. However, there is limited research that are scientifically fundamented with regard to the Romanian market. Starting from this premise, we conducted a study that aims getting an overview about the level of knowledge that the Romanian consumers have about organic products. The study has three main objectives. They refer to the way how the Romanian consumers evaluate their knowledge about organic products and the objective level of information that consumers in Romania have on organic products. In addition, we proposed to find out what is an organic product for the Romanian consumer or, more precisely, how does the Romanian consumer define the organic products. The results of the research are nationally representative for the urban population.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 3
Written by Joseph Omotoso AJAYI

Nigeria is perhaps the most blessed country in Africa, in terms of its abundant mineral resources, agricultural and forest resources, distinctively more favourable climatic conditions and highly diverse human resources. These factors, alongside its overwhelmingly increasing population for foreign investment potentially and strategically put the responsibility of economic development on Nigeria, with its citizens expected to live not below the average standard of living. It is paradoxical however, that most Nigerians are poor. This study reviewed trends in poverty level in Nigeria from 1980-2014, examined the causes of poverty and inequality in Nigeria, evaluated Nigeria’s potentials for a post-2015 development agenda, evaluated the level of satisfaction with the implementation of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), as well as the desirability level for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study found corruption, weak institution and poor governance; unemployment and underemployment; and high population growth as the major causes of poverty and inequality in Nigeria.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 3
Written by Vergina CHIRIŢESCU, Mihaela KRUZSLICIKA

This paper aims to bring more knowledge regarding the concept of food security and to identify the role of family farms in this process. In this sense, will be made documentary studies based on the national and international specialized literature and will be processed data provided by competent international organizations (FAO, EUROSTAT etc.). Food security requires, first, obtaining food products, sufficient like volume, structure and quality, to meet the needs for food of the population throughout the year. United Nations Organization for Food and Agriculture was estimated that food production will be increased in 2050 by 60%. Under present conditions, much of this growth should come from the family farms in developing countries.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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