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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by P. S. SHEHRAWAT, Nitu SINDHU, Parmila DEVI

The result have shown that majority of the farmers were of middle age group (36-50 years), educated up to metric, belonged to joint family with 4-6 members, performed only farming and had land holing up to 5 acres. Result pertaining to awareness indicated that awareness about the utilization of biogas plant waste, mushroom waste, wheat waste, mustard and horticultural waste was more than 70 percent. Awareness about utilization of paddy waste, sugarcane waste, cotton waste, floricultural wastes, poultry waste and livestock waste was between 50 to 60 percent. Thus, overall awareness about utilization of agricultural waste was very high. The result revealed that utilization of agricultural waste by the farmers was very less. None of the farmers exploited the wastes fully; waste utilization of wheat, paddy, sugarcane cotton and mustard crop, horticultural crops and floricultural crops was very low. Waste utilization of mushrooms, livestock and poultry was medium and biogas waste utilization was high. The result showed that there was a huge gap between the awareness and utilization of agricultural waste. The farmers must understand that there is nothing waste in agriculture, everything can be converted into something useful.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Akindele Michael OJO, Esther Ojonugwa OGBOLE, Olanike Alaba OJO

This study analysed improved household solid waste management system in Minna metropolis, Niger state. Multi-staged sampling technique was used to administer 155 questionnaires to respondents, where Minna was divided into two income groups A and B based on the quality of the respondent’s houses. Primary data was collected with the aid of structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics to obtain results for the socioeconomic characteristics of respondents, types of waste generated and methods of disposing solid waste, the level of awareness and reliability of waste disposal methods as well as the willingness of households to pay for solid waste management in the area. The results revealed that majority of the household heads in the study area were male, 94.20% of the household heads fell between the ages of 21 and 50 and also that 96.80% of them had one form of formal education or the other. The results also revealed that 47.10% and 43.20% of the households generated food wastes and polymers respectively as a major constituent of waste disposed. The results of this study went further to reveal that 81.90% of the household heads were aware of the use of collection cans as a method of waste disposal while only 32.90% of them considered the method highly reliable. Multiple regression was used to determine the factors affecting the willingness of households to pay for waste disposal in the study area. The results showed that 76.10% of the respondents were willing to pay for solid waste management which indicates that households in Minna are concerned and willing to cater for their immediate environment. The multiple regression results revealed that age, income, environmental awareness and household expenditure have a positive and statistically significant relationship with the willingness of households to pay for waste disposal in the area while household size has a negative and statistically significant relationship with households’ willingness to pay. Based on these findings, it was recommended that more waste management services be made readily available to residents of Minna, waste collection service should be privatised to increase their effectiveness through increased competition and also that community participatory approach be used to create more environmental awareness amongst residents.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Reta CONDEI, Agatha POPESCU, Aurelia BĂLAN, Valentina TUDOR

Agriculture is a sector of primary importance in Romania, both through its contribution to the economy and the share of employment. Its continuous development and improvement and the countryside must be designed and analyzed under three main aspects, namely agriculture, food and environment. The current analysis takes into account the state of Romanian agriculture today, but also economic and human potential of rural areas in the main areas of development, and their evolution in 2008-2013. The rural space in Romania is characterized by poor economic diversification and a major dependence on agricultural activities, which results in obtaining low incomes for farmers. The rural labour force should be directed to other activities, particularly in services, based on a correct and permanent information, human resource awareness and training. The rural employment strategies include measures to improve the quality of human resources to facilitate access to non-agricultural employment in connection with labour market needs.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Iuliana ZAHARIA, Elena COFAS, Dana Maria CONSTANTIN (OPREA)

The research “Personality and Weltanschauung” is a complex topos which includes chapters like the present article and requires various and complementary investigative tools. This paper presents a statistical analysis and approach of some significant data regarding the axiological and self-control sub-system of the personality reflected in attitudes and traits of character - data served by the personality questionnaire Weltanschauung – Ego especially conceived for this research, described in a former article. The test sample included 100 matriculates of the Faculty of Management, Economical Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development within the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest (they are attending license studies within 2012 – 2016), aged 19-22, coming from both urban and rural areas and both genders almost in equable distribution. Among the character notes of this generation of students we recorded: prevalent (80%) is the extrovert, sociable, confident type, therefore with positive self-image, practical and pragmatic; the favourite leisure behaviour/ consuming is mainly passive rest, closely followed by the option for active rest; among the personal goods with key-role in self-control, the smartphone is by far the favourite; on top of the needs is the emotional need; with reference to aspirations and ideals, the prior direction for the investment of the resources goes to job, career, money, self-financing; the majority presents modest abstract-speculative spirit; 47% of subjects are mercantile.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Ioana PIŞTEA, Cristina ROŞU, Carmen ROBA, Alexandru OZUNU

Baia Mare mining area is one of the most important mining areas from our country. Even if all the mines were closed in 2007 they continue to pollute the environment. In the present study, the water quality from 14 groundwater sources from Baia Mare was investigated. The water sources are located in both rural and urban areas. The samples were collected in March 2014. A portable multiparameter (WTW 320i) and portable turbidimeter (WTW pHotoFlexTurb) were used in order to measure in situ the fallowing parameters: pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), salinity and turbidity. In laboratory, the water samples were analyzed by ion chromatography (DIONEX ICS-1500 system) in order to quantify the following dissolved ions: lithium (Li+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), ammonium (NH4+), fluoride (F-), chloride (Cl-), bromide (Br-), nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-) and sulfate (SO42-). The laboratory analyses indicated that the waters had a low mineralization and low concentrations of dissolved ions. We calculated the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) to see if these groundwaters can be used in agriculture. The SAR values ranged between 0.01 and 4.61, being considerably lower than 10, which mean that all the groundwater samples can be classified as excellent waters. As a consequence they can be safely used in agriculture purposes.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by J. O. AYINDE, D. O. TORIMIRO, G. F. KOLEDOYE, O. A. ADEPOJU

This study assessed rural youth involvement in the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in agriculture in Osun State, Nigeria. Specifically, it examined awareness and analysed attitude of rural youths in the use of ICTs to disseminate agricultural information. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and twenty respondents for the study. The data were collected using structured interview schedule and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean age of respondents was 18.0 years. Also, 71.7 percent of the respondents scored high in ICTs awareness in relation to agriculture. Telephone (56.0%) was commonly used as a mean of passing agricultural information among the youths and the level of computer/literacy was slightly above average (58.3). Result of the correlation analysis shows that there was a positive and significant relationship (r = 0.481; p > 0.05) between the awareness of the usage of ICTs in agriculture and their attitude toward the use of ICTs. The study therefore concluded among others, that rigorous awareness on the inportance of ICTs in farming should be created among youths in Osun State in order enhance and bring about positive solutions to agricultural development stakeholders efforts in combating food insecurity in Nigeria.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Roxana STOIAN

In the attempt to understand how does the European Union want to develop in the following decade, it is important to find that all its plans took the shape of a new strategy, called The 2020 Europe Strategy. This paper aims to analyze the fifth target of the strategy, poverty and social exclusion and to see how does it is applied for Romania and how can the country diminish this indicator, leaving the last but not one place of the statistics regarding poverty, followed only by Bulgaria. In this respect, it is made a short analysis of the most important social indicators over the population at poverty or social exclusion, at risk of financial poverty, severe material deprivation or from very low work intensity households. The main conclusions were that Romania will continue to have a poor population as it is stated by the European indicators at more than 50% with less and less chances to target the 20% of the population in risk of poverty and social exclusion by the end of 2020.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Dariusz KUSZ

Observed trends in the changes in relations between the production factors and the level of price of agricultural products cause in the long term the necessity to adopt new production technologies. In the situation of fast growth of the labour cost in relation to other production costs there is necessity to adopt labor-saving technology in order to improve the capital – labour relation. It results in substitution of more expensive labour by less expensive capital. The aim of this study is to analyze the changes in relation of production factors in agriculture on the example of Poland. It has been stated that in agriculture in Poland, the loss of land used for agriculture and decapitalization of fixed assets in the absence of outflow of the agricultural population to non-agricultural departments are observed. The result is a deterioration in the relationship between labor resources and the resources of land and capital.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Coşkun ŞEREFOĞLU, Gökhan YALÇIN

This study mainly argues of OECD rural paradigm through the different types of grant mechanisms carried out in rural Ankara. In general terms, the main aim of this study is to examine profoundly the support mechanisms that are conducted by four public agents for development of rural areas, which are classified according to the OECD definition, in last decade and specifically analyse the activities of Ankara Development Agency in comparison with old approaches and grants as a case study. Of the grants, the Agriculture and Rural Development Support Institute, which is funded by EU, is the one who granted more than TL 200,000,000 of which more than 89 % has been used for investment into agricultural holdings in Ankara since 2011. The projects of Special Provincial Administration and the Provincial Directorate of Food, Agriculture and Livestock are basically infrastructure in villages and agro-based industries, respectively. The type of support given by Ankara Development Agency when compared with others becomes considerably dissimilar. Not only does Ankara Development Agency carries out economic programmes in rural areas but it also conducts some social development programmes as well as technical assistance covering training and consultancy service and direct activity support for strategic research, planning and feasibility studies. Ankara Development Agency has supported a significant number of projects for a total budget of TL 12,019,664 in reducing intra-regional differences in terms of development during 2010-2014. Accordingly, around 22 % of the subsidized projects under the direct financial support made by Ankara Development Agency have been implemented in rural parts of Ankara since its establishment in 2010. Similarly, approximately 25 % of the direct activity support and technical support has been used by agents whom settled in rural areas. It is concluded that there is a spectacular progress in rural areas through the projects and implementations made by Ankara Development Agency in the short run and the tacit knowledge and local dynamics of rural areas in Ankara will be successfully revealed with concerted efforts of related agents in the long run.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 2
Written by Ghada A. M. YASSEEN, Adil Y. ELJACK, Mohhamed E. D. AHMED, Aladdin E. HAMAD

Sudan is the world’s largest producer of gum Arabic. Which is a natural forest product; produced from Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal trees. Sudan is considered as a key supplier of raw gum Arabic in the world as it used to provide more than 80% of high quality gum Arabic in the world market. The product is used primarily in the food industry but has medicinal and technical uses as well. This study investigates the main reasons behind the fluctuation in Sudanese gum Arabic export, as well as specifying the main importers of Sudan's gum Arabic during (2000-2013). In addition the study investigates the competitiveness of the Sudanese gum Arabic in the world market during (2000-2013). Data were collected from different sources that relevant to the field of the study. The analysis was done using descriptive statistic and Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The findings of the study have shown that the major reasons behind the decline and fluctuations of the Sudanese gum Arabic the increase in the production cost. Furthermore, exporting gum Arabic is financially and economically profitable. Also Sudan has high competitive ability to export gum Arabic. The study also refers to the negative impact of taxes on gum Arabic. The study recommended that: the government should design a specific policy through reducing the taxes and fees for gum Arabic export in order to increase its comparative advantage.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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