ISSN 2284-7995, ISSN Online 2285-3952
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 1
Written by Mihai BERCA

Photosynthesis is that primary reaction by which the first molecule of organic matter (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water is produced, in the presence of solar energy, in the form of photons, respectively electrons and protons (light wavelengths). Within 3 billion years, the mineral world has been partially transformed into the living world, including in green world, which works on biochemical synthesis using chlorophyll pigments, carotenoids and others. Today's biochemistry considers photosynthesis as a deterministic process, in which the chemicalmathematical equations of processes are well known, as a result of the thousands of researchers working in some of the most modern laboratories. In this paper, data are given on both the chemistry and the mathematics of the photosynthesis algorithm. Data are also presented on the efficiency of the first process of natural biochemical production at the Earth level, from which it results that the energy entered in the process of biosynthesis of photosynthesis through its acceptors is used in 100% percent, which doesn’t happen with any other energy system. Researchers in quantum physics have observed this anomaly and have come to the conclusion that both the "photosynthesis" form, as well as other biochemical forms take place after a quantum morphogenesis whereby photons enter through the mass of the antenna on multiple paths, depositing as much energy as the system accepts.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 1
Written by Alina MARCUTA, Agatha POPESCU, Cristina TINDECHE, Carmen ANGELESCU, Liviu MARCUTA

Starting from the important role that consumer perception plays in the success of a business, in this paper we set out to analyze their perception of the apple juice obtained from an agricultural farm in Dambovita county. The study was attended by 103 respondents who were asked a questionnaire consisting of 12 questions, the survey taking place face to face. The data were processed using statistical methods, being interpreted using the Likert scale and highlighting that the product is rated with an overall score of 4.08 points out of a maximum score of 5 points. Based on this study, the owners want to know both the consumers' perception of the apple juice they produce and market, as well as finding solutions to improve their marketing activity so that their products are as attractive as possible, and then to leads to increased market share and the profitability of the activity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 1
Written by Roman STUPEN, Oksana CHERECHON, Oksana STUPEN, Myroslava SMOLIARCHUK

One has researched the method of classification of the suitability of arable lands for the cultivation of basic agricultural crops. One has presented the classification of lands by suitability on the example of the landmass of limited liability company “Luhy”, located on the territory of Velyki Hlibovychi village council of Peremyshliany district of Lviv region on the basis of detailed analysis of materials of soil surveys. The mapping of the ecological suitability of the land is presented and scientific recommendations for cultivation and cultivation of crops in crop rotation for the object of study for ecological use in the system of intra-land management are offered.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 1
Written by Olha DOROSH, Iosyp DOROSH, Yevhen BUTENKO, Liliia SVYRYDOVA, Andriy DOROSH

The article describes the methodology of spatial planning and organization of agricultural land use in land management projects that provide ecological and economic justification of crop rotation, based on ecologicallandscape and ecological-economic basis. It’s advantage in comparison with the methodology of the Soviet planning system is that it harmonizes the issues of economic development, organization and production technology, the structure of the territory in accordance with local natural conditions with productive and spatial properties of soils, their natural potential. The methodology was tested on the example of agricultural land use of the NSP “Nyva” in the Stavyshchenskyi rayon of Kyivska oblast. This methodology is based on social, economic and environmental aspects. It is substantiated that the economic efficiency of arable land use depends on the creation of appropriate organizational-territorial conditions. Field and forage crop rotation were introduced in the studied territory, considering the physical, geographical and economic conditions within the agro-landscape type of land use. It has been proved that social efficiency is ensured through the additional jobs creation and improvement of the life quality of local people. The determining factor for calculating the ecological efficiency of arable land use is the maintenance of a non-deficit humus balance. In particular, the humus balance in field and forage crop rotations was calculated for 2018 and 2019. A humus deficiency balance between 0.22 and 0.48 t/ha was obtained in three of the nine crop rotation fields, which prompted us to adjust the fertilizer system.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 1
Written by Mykhailo STUPEN, Nazar STUPEN, Zoriana RYZHOK, Ruslana TARATULA

One has carried out the monitoring of rapeseed cultivation on the example of land-use area of 69.7 hectares, located on the territory of Busk district of Lviv region outside the settlement Baluchyn according to the artificial satellite Sentinel-2. One has identified the state of its sowing, which is characterized by the maximum value of the NDVI vegetation index on July 1, 2019, and indicates the developed vegetation for harvesting. Areas with high, medium and low rapeseed vegetation are displayed using the numerical taxonomy method of optical brightness based on the analysis of multispectral land-use scan data in the Crop Monitoring geo-information system. One has done biological yielding capacity prediction using obtained values of vegetation index NDVI, NDRE, MSAVI and RECI in each zone of land use, which indicates the sparse vegetation of rapeseed with low yield and therefore requires the application of additional organic and mineral fertilizers in the low vegetation area with an average of 41 hectares per the research object. The obtained results of the use of geo-information technologies according to space monitoring data are proposed to be applied for the estimation of the state of sowing, yielding capacity prediction, the performance of agrarian and technical operations at all stages of agricultural development.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 1
Written by Yann Emmanuel MIASSI, Fabrice Kossivi DOSSA, Patrice Ygué ADEGBOLA, Anselm Anibueze ENETE, Şinasi AKDEMIR

In Benin Republic, teak sector is the most active among the wood markets with a strong national demand. It is therefore necessary to improve its efficiency. This study aimed at modelling the perception and economic performance of teak plant production in some rural nurseries. To this end, a survey was conducted among 140 teak nurseries in northern, central and southern regions of Benin using the "snowball" sampling method. Interviews organized with plant nurserymen served to gather data on their demographic and socio-economic characteristics, plant production techniques, production costs and output, and teak production perception. The perception of producers and the performance of teak plant production were modeled respectively from a logistic regression model and then from a linear regression model. The analysis of the results showed that the age of the nurseryman, unlike variables such as gender and seniority in production, negatively influences the economic performance of teak plant production. Household size also influences the economic performance of teak plant production and the perception of the nurseryman, but with a negative effect on the last variable. Nevertheless, the number of years of schooling and the nurseryman's assessment of the distance between the plant nursery and his home has a positive influence on his perception. Policies development aimed at improving the production of teak plants in Benin would therefore require particular attention to these different determinants.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 1
Written by Sergey Germanovich GLUKHOV, Marina Sergeevna YURKOVA, Gennadiy Gennadievich KRYUCHKOV, Nataliya Vladimirovna PROVIDONOVA

Problems of migration of working-aged countryside population of rural territories are revealed. The organizational and economic mechanism of migration regulation of working-aged country people consisting of 2 modules – organizational and economic is developed and offered. The organizational module includes the directions of reduction of migration due to accounting of the major attracting and repellent factors. A basis of the economic module – fixing of professionals and working-aged population by means of creation of new and additional jobs in the village with using a wide package of measures. Use of the offered mechanism will allow to provide conditions for fixing of working-aged population in rural territories and to reduce migration.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 1
Written by Gjore NAKOV, Nastia IVANOVA, Marko JUKIĆ, Daliborka KOCEVA KOMLENIĆ, Davor DANILOSKI, Jasmina LUKINAC

The aim of this study was to examine the opinion of tea drinkers about the type and the way the tea is prepared, as well as the knowledge of the biologically active substances contained in the black tea. Finally, the influence of the temperature and the method of preparation of black tea on its colour and content of biologically active compounds was determined. The survey found that black tea was the most consumed with 68.80% of the participants and has been also considered to be the healthiest type of tea (80.40%).Moreover, 39.50% of the respondents consumed tea once a month. Based on the results, tea has usually been prepared for a period of 5 min (74.10%) in boiling water at approximately 900C (47.50%). In addition, 56.70% of the respondents believe that the black tea contains a high amount of caffeine. As the number of macerations increased, the amount of biologically active substances decreased (total polyphenols 134.93±0.04 mg GAE/mL, tannins 19.98±0.19 %, flavonoids 232.84±0.07 mg QE/g, caffeine 37.33±0.12 mg/mL and antioxidant activity 551.94±0.41 µM Trolox/g in black tea infusions prepared in 900C (5 min) after first maceration and 7.53±0.01 mg GAE/mL, tannins 14.92±0.24 %, flavonoids 55.88±0.18 mg QE/g, caffeine 2.33±0.05 mg/mL and antioxidant activity 122.32±0.17 µM Trolox/g in black tea infusions prepared in 900C (5 min) after third maceration. The obtained correlation (p>0.01) showed that the total polyphenols were correlated with other biologically active substances tested (tannins, flavonoids, caffeine and antioxidant activity) and L*, a* and b* colour parameters of black tea infusions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 1
Written by Agatha POPESCU

The paper analyzed Romania's pork market crisis by means of pig livestock, pork production, consumption, import, export, trade balance, pork price based on the empirical data provided by NIS Tempo Online for the period 20142018 emphasizing the effects of the African Swine Fever (ASF). Dynamic analysis, trend analysis, descriptive statistics, regression modeling, and comparison have been the main methodological tools used in this study. Despite that pig number declined by 27.7%, in 2018 accounting for3.92 million heads compared to 2010, and in 2019 there were lost other 486, 000 heads due to the ASF, pork production remained relatively stable at 426,100 Tons in 2018, being by only 3.3% higher than in 2014. Its level is justified by the increased live weight at slaughter and by the imports of pigs and pork carcasses. Pork consumption is 38.3kg/capita, by 15% higher than in 2010, but a little lower than 41 kg/capita, theEU-28 average. Romania's pork trade is dominated by imports, which led to a negative trade balance in 2018 of -327,010 Tons, being by 87.3 % higher than in 2014. In 2018, import represented 85% of pork production, 48.3 % of pork consumption, import dependency being 48%, and self sufficiency rate 56.5%. Export/import ratio registered 9% in terms of quantity and 5.7% in terms of value, the both figures reflecting the lowest level recorded by Romania, reflecting its status of net importing country and the inefficient trade. The ASF impact is seen in the growth of farm inputs price, production cost, and farm gate price, which since April 2019 increased from Lei 5.61 to Lei 8 per kg live weight in the month of December, that is by 42.6%, and the massive imports of pigs and carcasses practiced by the processors affecting the local breeders. To recover the pork market in Romania, both the breeders and processors have to respect the strategy and measures imposed by the authorities regarding pig growing, transportation, slaughtering, to sustain the development of pork production, its quality, and export and to increase efficiency and competitiveness of pork sector.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 1
Written by Festus AWOYELU, Kayode IDOWU

The paper assessed post conflict agricultural land sharing between the Ife and the Modakeke. The broad objective of the study to assess post conflict agricultural land sharing between the two groups of the respondents. Specifically, the study describes the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, identifies the causes and outcomes of conflicts in the past between the two sets of land users, examines conflict resolution methods adopted by the two parties to settle past conflicts, evaluates the respondents’ perceived benefits of Land Use Act of 1978, and analyses the land rental systems adopted in the study area. The assessment revealed that the respondents were predominantly male, the majority of the tenant farmers were relatively young and in their active years compared to the landowners. The analysis further revealed that the major cause of conflict between the landowners and tenants in the study area is the non-payment of land rent (isakole). Past land conflicts were settled and/or resolved mainly by community leaders without any recourse to government courts. Both categories of respondents perceived the LUA of 1978 as non-beneficial to the South Western agricultural communities in Nigeria. Assessment of the agricultural land sharing and rental payment revealed that two rental regimes exist both before and after the conflict. Before and after the conflict, rental payment was by crop. Landowners collected only 10% of total annual cocoa harvested as rent from the tenants before conflict, but now collect 20% after the conflict. Land rental agreement before the conflict ranged between 5 to 20 years before the conflict, but now it has been reduced to between 5 to 10 years.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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