ISSN 2284-7995, ISSN Online 2285-3952
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Tarek FOUDA, Ahmed AWNY, Mohamed DARWISH, Nourhan KASSAB

Experiments were conducted in a farm in Mansoura during the period from June 2017 to October 2018, and the farm’s capacity was 40,000 laying hens. The ideal environmental conditions needed for hens inside the closed houses such as air temperature, humidity, lighting for hours, air speed, to raise the higher rate of egg production and raise the rate of daily consumption of feed and reduce the mortality percentage, so measurements were used in the presence of ideal environmental factors and the absence of this ideal factors.The experiments aimed to determine the production capacity of the farm and the performance of laying hens, under measured and standard environmental conditions with the aim of increasing meat and egg production. Also, the environmental conditions were adjusted according to the ideal parameters to reduce the losses of feed and hen egg weight. The results revealed that the weekly growth in average weight of chickens approached the closest weekly increase of the standard weight of the herd breeding index to 244 g at the 24th week. Weight homogeneity increased from 83% to 92% at week 24. The difference of the mean weekly egg weight from the mean egg weight of the standard egg was the closest between them at the twenty-fourth week, and the difference between them was 1.6 grams. The mortality rate then decreased to 0.1% at the 24th week.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Dorina BONEA

Currently, genetically modified (GM) crops are an important part of world agriculture, offering numerous benefits to farmers. This study investigates the dynamics of the cultivated area with GM crops, especially with genetically modified (GM) soybean, for the period 2014–2018, by country and by transgenic trait, using ISAAA and FAOSTAT databases. In the studied period, the top 5 GM crops countries were USA, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and India which totalled 166.1 million hectares or 89.5% of the global area. Regarding GM soybean, the top 5 countries were USA, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Canada which cultivated 89.9 million hectares or 96.8% of the global area with this crop. The linear regression and the Pearson correlation coefficient have pointed out a general increasing trend for both cultivated areas. The USA and Brazil occupied the leading position in world with 32.93 and 32.55 million hectares of GM soybean, respectively. Herbicide tolerance (HT) has been consistently the dominant transgenic trait for GM soybean in USA, Argentina, Paraguay and Canada. In Brazil, the cultivated areas with stacked HT/IR traits have been larger than the areas cultivated with a single HT trait, in the last 3 years. As a conclusion, the global area of GM soybean will continue to increase due to its important economic role in the agriculture development and environmental benefits.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Daniela SIMTION

Concerns related to production costs in general, their analysis and, implicitly, the methods used for this purpose derive from the need of economic agents to produce high quality products, while seeking to incur costs as low as possible. It can be said that this issue must be given the necessary attention because only through a continuous analysis of production costs companies may survive and develop in an increasingly unfavorable, unstable economic environment, marked by fierce competition in all areas of activity and a continuous increase in the prices of used resources. Cost analysis represents an important area in the efficient operation of the enterprise in terms of limited resources, its task being to provide the necessary information to managers in order to develop strategic decisions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Agatha POPESCU, Mirela CĂRĂTUȘ STANCIU

The paper aimed to analyze the number of animal holdings, their structure by species and size class and also the average farm size based on the data provided by Eurostat and National Institute of Statistics. Fixed and structural indices as well as comparisons were the main statistical tools to assess the results. Romania has a high number of animal farms being on the top position in the EU, but the smallest farm size. The decline of bovine, swine and poultry livestock has relatively contributed to the growth of farm size and production efficiency. About 72.7% of agricultural holdings have land and animals and 23.3% rear only animals. Individual holdings are dominant and keep 86.9% bovine farms, 53% pig farms, 93.3% sheep farms, 95.1% goats farms and 67.4% poultry farms. Commercial holdings represent 44.4% of pig farms and 31.7% of poultry farms de very small percentages in case of the other species. At the national level, the average farm size of animal farms is: 3.4 bovines, 2.4 dairy cows, 3.2 pigs, 43.7 sheep, 10.6 goats and 31.6 poultry. A smaller average farm size is in the individual holdings: 2.9 bovines, 2.2 dairy cows, 1.7 pigs, 41.3 sheep, 10.1 goats and 18.7 poultry. Commercial companies have in average a higher average size: 211 bovines, 97.8 dairy cows, 7,878 pigs, 942.6 sheep, 181.7 goats and 96,009.2 poultry. The gap between individual and commercial holdings is difficult to be reduced, as long as farm concentration is a slow process. The decline in livestock, farmers aging and the new modern farms established with EU financial support are expecting to contribute to the improvement of farm structures in animal sector.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Kamen Dimitrov PETROV

The focus on mountain areas within the European Union in recent years has become an essential part of the common regional policy, which is aimed at making spatial development a top priority of the European institutions. In the present exhibition an analysis is made of the tourist potential of the mountain municipalities in Bulgaria, which develop tourism. The territorial peculiarities of these regions are presented, their peculiarities and specifics in the context of their regional development are considered. The opportunities for them to improve their tourism potential and, above all, to create a new environment for implementing regional development policies are also outlined. The relevant conclusions and recommendations for achieving a sustainable tourist framework of the mountainous regions in Bulgaria have been made.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Elena BONCIU, Recep LIMAN, İbrahim Hakki CIGERCI

The behaviour of in vitro cell cultures is different from that of in vivo cells, when they are integrated into the organism. The selective death of cells, tissues and organs is a feature of plant development and survival. The process is called programmed cell death due to the organism's involvement in controlling of the initiation and execution of this process. The programmed cell death is an active, genetically controlled process that leads to the selective elimination of damaged cells. This complex process is present throughout the life of plants, from the seed germination to the maturation and senescence of plants. Cell death in plants has specific features due to the cell wall in particular but also of the presence of some specific structures of the plant cell, such as chloroplasts and vacuole. Exposure of plants to various stressors can induce oxidative stress and can be followed by cell death. However, cell death under abiotic stress conditions can also be a regulated process, meant to ensure the survival of plants. The programmed cell elimination plays an essential role in the desired modelling of plants, and this goal is the prerogative of genetic bioengineering, via cell cultures. The fascinating field of genetic bioengineering has a huge potential for the programmed modelling of the plants and obtaining new genotypes, with superior properties and high capacity to adapt to different environmental conditions, corresponding to the requirements of a sustainable management of modern agriculture.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Raisa VOZHEHOVA, Tetyana MARCHENKO, Olena PILIARSKA, Yurii LAVRYNENKO, Nataliya HALCHENKO, Pavlo LYKHOVYD

Modern crop production is aimed to decrease anthropogenic loads on environment due to the replacement of chemical pesticides with biological preparations. The study on the efficiency of biological preparations Fluorescein BT, Trichopsin BT, and Biospectrum BT in corn hybrids of different ripeness groups (FAO 190, 290, and 420), cultivated in the conditions of irrigation in the Steppe zone of Ukraine, was conducted during 2018–2020. The goal of the study was to evaluate the level of technical efficiency of the biopreparations against common diseases (corn smut and fusarium of the cob) and insect (European corn borer), and their impact on the crop yield. It was determined that the studied biopreparations decreased corn smut infestation rate in the hybrids of corn by 1.7–4.2%, while the infestation rate of fusarium disease dropped by 1.6–3.9%. European corn borer infestation was reduced under the application of Trichopsin BT and Biospectrum BT, which possess insect-fungicidal and growth-promoting effects, by 2.7–4.6% depending on the genotype of the hybrids. High technical efficiency of the studied preparations was determined: Fluorescein BT against corn smut showed technical efficiency of 24.0–30.4%; Trichopsin BT – 38.2–57.9%; Biospectrum BT – 46.0–58.6%, respectively. Application of the biological preparation Fluorescein BT provides the formation of the highest grain yield of corn, which averaged to 14.89 t/ha. The maximum yield in the study was recorded for the hybrid Arabat (FAO 420) under the application of the biopreparation Fluorescein BT – 17.06 t/ha. At the same time, this variant provided the highest gross value of the grain product – 3,968 EUR/ha. The study results provide a proof of high efficiency of the studied biological preparations in the corn cultivation under irrigation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Veronica PRISACARU, Tatiana SEVCIUC

The growing competition in the market of educational services requires increased efforts to ensure an adequate quality of the educational products offered by vocational education institutions. However, reaching the adequate quality standards is impossible without the active involvement of stakeholders. Only through the synergy of the efforts of all groups of stakeholders, the progress in the quality of educational services provided can be achieved - a particularly important task especially for agricultural vocational education, which has a strategic significance for the Republic of Moldova. Knowing and correctly perceiving their role in this regard is required as an indispensable factor of quality and performance. The basic objectives of the research were: a) mapping the stakeholders of the State Agrarian University of Moldova; b) evaluation of the stakeholders' perception by the management team and the university staff. In order to achieve these objectives, the following research tools were used: the synthesis of a series of scientific publications with reference to the emergence and evolution of stakeholder theory in higher education; mapping process; structured thematic interview; tabular and graphical presentation of the primary data; structural analysis; descriptive method. As a result of the research, the mapping of the stakeholders of the State Agrarian University of Moldova was performed. Also, the areas that require intervention in the quality of stakeholder perception by university managers and teaching staff were identified: more active promotion of the value of stakeholders; increasing the level of involvement of the teaching staff in collaborative activities with external stakeholders.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Anca TULBURE

The variety of the assortments of gingerbread existing on the market originates from the applied technology, from the quality and diversity of the ingredients used, as well as from the application of quality management: customer orientation and continuous improvement. Upon adding rye flour, an improvement in the quality of the finished product was ascertained. Different quantities of wheat flour were replaced with rye flour, and the doughs were matured for 30, respectively 150 minutes. An analysis was performed regarding the behaviour of the dough, as well as the features of the finished product (shape effect, height/diameter ration, and specific volume), which correspond to the consumer’s requirements. These parameters subject to analysis can be considered quality indicators for gingerbread.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Mykola MALIARCHUK, Anastasiya MALIARCHUK, Anatolii TOMNYTSKYI, Volodymyr MALIARCHUK, Pavlo LYKHOVYD

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the influence of different methods and depth of basic tillage at the background of organic and organo-mineral fertilization systems on agrophysical properties of soil, its water regime and yields of the cultivated crops. The goal of the study was to scientifically substantiate the optimal parameters of the systems of basic tillage and fertilization in the row short crop rotation in the conditions of irrigation, which guarantee the improvement of effective fertility of the dark-chestnut soils and reduce the chemical load on the environment. Field, laboratory, statistical and computational methods were used in the study conduction. Optimal parameters of agrophysical conditions, both at the beginning of vegetation and before harvesting, were formed by differentiated-1 system of basic tillage where during the crop rotation we alternated shallow plowless tillage for the crops of the Steppe ecological type with combined disc-chisel loosening to 38-40 cm for grain sorghum. As a result, the most favorable conditions for growth, development and crop formation are created by differentiated-1 system of basic tillage under fertilization with by-products and mineral fertilizers application in the dose of N120P60 kg/ha. Differentiated by ways and depth system of basic tillage with one para-plowing per the crop rotation contributed to the formation of the highest productivity of the crop rotation: under organic fertilization system – 3.71 t/ha of grain units; under organo-mineral, with the application of N82.5P60 per the unit of the crop rotation area – 6.92 t/ha; and under organo-mineral, with the application of N120P60 – 8.50 t/ha. The mentioned cultivation technology guarantees obtaining the best profitability level of 110.1%.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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