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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Pompilica IAGĂRU, Vasile TUDOSESCU

This research is based on the need to ensure adequate quantitative and qualitative feed in the context of population growth, climate change and the need to protect the environment. The research is characterized by topicality and complexity, highlighting a series of elements meant to ensure the sustainability and multifunctionality of the meadows through a sustainable management of the grass carpet and the resources involved. The research highlights the role of legislative measures in creating a relevant technical, organizational and economic framework, but also takes into account the characteristics of the meadow, respectively human activity. The research methodology used is the case study, due to its adaptability to territorial specificity and is based on the diagnosis of the grassland ecosystem researched using the gravimetric method. The diagnosis of the researched grassland ecosystem highlights a vulnerable state of them that requires the development of special management plans that contain specific measures of care, maintenance and recovery. In essence, the research highlights the particularities of setting up a pastoral arrangement in the commune of Arpașu de Jos, in Sibiu County.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Agatha POPESCU, Cristiana TINDECHE, Alina MĂRCUȚĂ, Liviu MĂRCUȚĂ, Adelaida HONȚUȘ

The paper analyzed the use of pesticides in Romania in the period 2007-2020, based on the official statistical data by type of pesticide, at the national and territorial level, and using fixed and structural indices, concentration indices and time and spatial comparisons. In the year 2020, pesticides were applied on larger surfaces than in 2007 and they accounted for 3.88 million ha for herbicides, 2.39 million ha for fungicides, and 2.34 million ha for insecticides. But, the total consumption decreased by 26% for insecticides and by 23% for herbicides, but it increased by 8.2% in case of fungicides. The national mean consumption of pesticides per ha declined and in 2020 accounted for 0.27 kg a.s. insecticide, 0.75 kg herbicide and 0.76 kg fungicide. Romania comes on the last position in the EU for the smallest average consumption 0.8 kg a.s. pesticide per ha and also for the risk indicator 1 equal to 48. he largest areas where pesticides are applied in the territory are in South Muntenia, West, South East and South West Oltenia micro-regions. Total consumption differs from a region to another as follows: insecticides are much more consumed in South West Oltenia, South Muntenia, North East, South East and West, fungicides are especially applied in South East, North East, Center and West, and herbicides are predominantly utilized in North East, South East, North West, South West Oltenia, and West. The average consumption per ha, over the national mean, is higher in the following regions: insecticides in North West, South West Oltenia, Center and North West, fungicides in the Center, Bucharest-Ilfov, South East and North East and herbicides in North East, North West and Center regions. The values of the concentration indices Herfindahl-Hirschman, Gini-Struck and Concentration coefficient proved that in 2020, Romania was characterized by a relative moderate concentration of the use of pesticides. As a conclusion, pesticides have to be used taking into consideration the local conditions at the regional level and at farm level. Farmers have to evaluate the problems and make the best decision regarding what type of pesticide to use, on what surface, which is the suitable dose per ha, how many treatments are required etc. The EU regulations regarding pesticides imposes a strict control and use of the approved pesticides for compiling with the European the Green Deal.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Putu Yudy WIJAYA, Ni Nyoman Reni SUASIH, I Putu Sastra WIBAWA, Kadek Oki SANJAYA, I Komang Tryana MERTAYASA

The province of Bali, which relies on tourism as a driving force for the economy, is certainly very affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The decline in foreign tourist arrivals to Bali has made the government and tourism actors begin to look at domestic tourists. Given the existence of tourism sector workers who return to the village, the development of tourist villages through the participation of local communities is very potential to be developed. The purpose of this research is to develop a policy framework for the development of custom villages as digital-based tourism villages that are able to adapt to the new normal era. This study used a MULTIPOL prospective analysis, where data were collected through FGDs. The policies analyzed are tourism village policies and digital villages, both in supply side and demand side scenarios. The results show that in the tourism village policy, the program arrangement of tourist objects/attractions is a priority. Meanwhile, in digital village policies, the development and improvement of information network programs are important.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Alexandru TCACI

The article addresses methodological issues aimed at estimating the sensitivity of profit under the influence of changes in yield per hectare and reduction of unit costs. As a result of the calculations, three areas of profit elasticity were delimited: moderate, increased, high. The area of moderate elasticity located in the range of yield of 30-31q/ha is characterized by the increase of yield by one quintal which ensures the highest increase of profit 6.44 lei per unit of product. In the areas of increased elasticity (40-41 q/ha) and high elasticity (50-51 q/ha) the increase of the corn yield contributes to the increase of the respective unit profit by 3.65 and 2.35 lei. The research allowed us to determine the minimum amount of profit. It was found out that in agricultural enterprises the actual amount of profit for wheat and corn is less than the minimum amount, which does not allow the achievement of simple reproduction.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Peter Otunaruke EMAZIYE

The specific objective was to evaluate goat farming profitability. The 240 samples were drawn using structured technique. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and profitability model analysis (cost and returns analysis). A moderate family size of 10 persons and average age of 48 years educational level were dominant. Most farmers were well-experienced with low flock size of 12 goats averagely. Extensive management system were adopted and most respondents engaged in cassava production in addition to goat farming. The average revenue derived from goat farming was N384,000 ($929.78) with total cost of farming of N299,990 ($734.02). The benefit-cost-ratio of 1.3 was achieved revealing 30% profitability. Lack of credits were most hindrance of farmers. The study recommended farmers credit provision for increase in goat production.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Anca TULBURE

The texture analysis of gingerbread, a bakery product based on flour and many other ingredients, which vary according to its area of origin, within the plant’s laboratory, contributes to the improvement of the product quality. In terms of efficiency and effectiveness, the results obtained recommend the minimum number of texture measurement tests needed to be performed, as well as the sample compression rate, in order to obtain relevant results. A TexVol TVT-300XP/XPH texture meter, manufactured by the company Perten Instruments, Sweden, was used, equipped with a 15 kg load cell. The tests were performed using the spherical tip penetration device, with a sphere having a 1-inch diameter, to imitate the mode in which the gingerbread cookies are tested by thumb pressing. To determine the minimum number of texture tests at the level of the laboratory, the two-cycle testing protocol was employed, and, to determine the compression rate, the one-cycle protocol was used. A conclusion was drawn, monitoring hardness, sample deformation energy, cohesiveness, and springiness. The results obtained with regard to the product “gingerbread” can be used in drawing up the work protocol for texture analysis within the plan laboratories which analyse the product “gingerbread”.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Cristina-Anca DANCIU

Following the demand of the bakery industry to diversify the range of foods, it can be said that improving the quality parameters of flours has become a necessity from both the supplier and the beneficiary. This research is based on the demonstration that the knowledge of quality indicators as well as alveographic properties are necessary in calculating the mixing percentages of two or more batches of wheat with different quality properties. The individual grinding of three different wheat batches, from three suppliers with different geographical locations (Agroind Oradea, Ameropa Olari and Merpano Săcălaz), was performed. The adequate correlations between main physico-chemical parameters of the wheat grain and the alveographic parameters of the flour obtained lead to the technological properties suitable for bakery or pastry products, fully fulfilling the satisfaction of consumer requirements.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Daniela POPA, Ioana TOMA, Maria Cristina STERIE

Certification of traditional products is a voluntary quality scheme, recognized in the EU, which provides producers with viable tools to identify and promote products. The national regulation was issued in compliance with the provisions of Government Decision no. 1,016/2004 on measures for the organization and implementation of information exchange in the field of technical standards and regulations, as well as the rules on information society services between Romania and the Member States of the European Union, as well as the European Commission, as subsequently amended and supplemented. Among the conditions for attesting traditional food products is the production capacity of one or more products. The indicator on the maximum quantity of certified product/products regulated by the specific normative act allows and encourages the agricultural activities of small producers in rural areas, which have an important role in the rural economy and, in particular, in disadvantaged areas. The sustainable development of products belonging to this niche will ensure the sustainability of traditional production and the maintenance of local traditions. The traceability of agri-food products, by applying and developing the concept of "short agri-food chain" will provide consumers with fresh food from local production, at affordable prices. Easy information of consumers interested in these products is possible due to the creation and posting on the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development- MARD website of the National Register of Traditional Products. Through this paper, an analysis of traditional products in the category of dairy products and cheeses has been made, so as to identify the potential and promote its use for areas in Romania by registering such products, using in this sense the statistical basis of information of the National Institute of Statistics, NIS, in terms of livestock.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Marina Yevgenievna KADOMTSEVA, Andrei Vladimirovich BOGDANOV

The growing number of dangerous weather events, an increase in their duration and amplitude of action leads to sharp fluctuations in agricultural production, thereby creating risks for sustainable development and ensuring food security of the country. The aim of the study is to analyze the peculiarities of the manifestation of hazardous weather phenomena in the regions of the Russian Federation with crop specialization and to substantiate the actual mechanisms of adaptation of regional agrosystems to the consequences of the transformation of natural and climatic conditions. The use of the author's methodology for assessing the level of influence of climatic risks on agricultural production made it possible to establish that the increase in the number of unfavorable meteorological phenomena and the degree of their impact occurs more intensively in the most productive regions of crop specialization. The differentiated impact of climate risks necessitates the creation of regional and sectoral models of adaptation of regional agrosystems, taking into account the peculiarities of natural-resource potential, changes in crop productivity in response to changes in climatic variables, the structure of crop producers in the region. Mechanisms and tools for adapting agricultural systems to the consequences of climate change for the regions involved in the study are formulated.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Mirela CĂRĂTUȘ STANCIU , Agatha POPESCU

The paper aimed to study the purchase habits and behavior of the young generation regarding consumption of organic products. For this purpose, literature in the field was studied regarding the EU organic production and consumption. In order to determine the young Romanian consumers' perception concerning the organic products, a field survey based on a questionnaire was run during March -June 2021 on a sample consisting of 191 students from Sibiu and Brăila. Organic agriculture is a dynamic system in Romania, registering in the last 10 years an ascending trend, from 182,706 ha in 2010 to 468,887.05 ha in 2020. The organic products are consumed by the 90.6 % of the young people investigated (173 persons). They purchased organic products mainly form local markets (81.15%), super (80 %) or hypemarket (70.1%). Also, an amount of 66 % respondents use to buy organic products from specialised stories. The young generation believes that the most effective way to promote the consumption of organic products are: events organised in hyper or supermarket, specialised fairs for organic products, events like”open doors” at ecological operators. The students who were part of the target group of this study are in the category of well-informed consumers. They know how to recognize organic products by the existing marks on the packaging (69.6%). Young people say the main qualities of organic products are: healthy (93.2%), tasty (71.2%), contain fewer chemicals (61.8%), improve quality of life (51.3%), do not contain synthetic additives (48.7%). At the same time, organic products protect the environment (45%), support family farming (40.3%) and the local economy (40.3 %).

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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