ISSN 2284-7995, ISSN Online 2285-3952
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Agatha POPESCU, Toma Adrian DINU, Elena STOIAN, Valentin ŞERBAN

The paper analyzed the evolution of the surfaces where chemical fertilizers were used, total consumption of fertilizers and the average consumption per surface unit in Romania and also by micro-region of development in order to establish the trends in the use of the fertilizers, and its concentration degree in terms of Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, (HHI), Gini-Struck Index (GSI) and Coefficient of Concentration (CC). The empirical data were collected from National Institute of Statistics for the period 2007-2020. Romania's mineral fertilizer consumption accounts for 5% of the EU total consumption, for which the country is ranked the 7th after France, Germany, Poland, Spain, United Kingdom and Italy. Compared to the EU mean of 77.2 kg Nitrogen fertilizer consumed per ha UAA in the year 2018, Romania applied less than 60 kg, a level which is far away from over 100 kg used by Belgium, Netherlands, Czechia and Denmark. In 2020, the average consumption of mineral fertilizer in Romania reached 98.16 kg/ha, which is still lower than in the Western EU countries. In the year 2020, the average consumption in Romania was exceeded, in the descending order, only by the West, Bucharest-Ilfov, North West and South West Oltenia regions. If in 2007, it was observed an uniform consumption of fertilizers among the eight micro-regions of Romania, in 2020, a slight moderate concentration was noticed in terms of HHI, GSI and CC. The regions with the highest share in mineral fertilizer consumption in Romania, in the decreasing order, are: West, South Muntenia, South West Oltenia, North East, South East and North West regions. The EU policy regarding the sustainable development of agriculture reducing the use of chemical fertilizers for protecting environment, biodiversity and ensuring food safety is welcome, but it has to be adapted to the actual average consumption and also taking into account the local needs of each country regarding the growth of productivity, farmers' income and profit.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Cristian CONSTANTINESCU, Florin SALA

The study aimed to estimate wheat production based on aerial images taken with drone. The wheat crop, Alex cultivar, was fertilized with variable doses of nitrogen, in the range 0 - 250 kg ha-1 N active substance (a.s.). During the vegetation, drone images were taken on the experimental variants, between April and July 2018. The digital images, jpeg format, were analyzed and the values of the RGB parameters were obtained (R-red, B-blue, G-green; RGB colour system). At the time of biological maturity, wheat production was harvested, which recorded values between 1,896.64 kg ha-1 (V1-control), and 4,787.50 ka ha-1 (V9). Regression analysis was used to estimate production based on RGB parameters obtained from digital images, taken at four different times. Production prediction (YP) was possible in statistical safety conditions (R2 = 0.997, p <0.001, images from April 29; R2 = 0.993, p <0.001, images from May 13; R2 = 0.990, p <0.001, images from 28 May; R22 = 0.968, p <0.001, images from 1 July). 3D and isoquants models were obtained, which expressed the variation of production according to the R and G parameters. RMSEP, as a prediction safety parameter and the F-test showed different levels of accuracy in predicting wheat production based on parameters R and G (RMSEP = 183.5859 for April 29; RMSEP = 330.3418 for May 13; RMSEP = 386.3834 for May 28; RMSEP = 703.9887 for July 1). The use of drones to obtain information about agricultural land is very useful at farm level, and the study can be adapted to different crops.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Tarek Mahmoud ATTAFY, Mohamed Ali EBIED

This study was performed to assess flax fiber extraction by pulse sprinkler technique compared with traditional method (submerged). For this purpose, an experiment was performed in fiber crops research department, Gemmiza Research Station, Gharbeiah Governorate, middle of the Nile Delta, Egypt during September and October, 2019. The micro-sprinkler system was applied with four values of pulses at cycle ratio of ½ namely (one, two, three and four) under two fiber extraction environment conditions (open field and in greenhouse) and two flax varieties Sakha 3 and Giza 12 were applied. The results showed that fiber extraction by TG treatments saved applied water and increased fiber yield rate, fiber length and water productivity comparing with TF treatments and TW. TF4 and TG4 saved applied water comparing with TW by about 17.2 and 25.2 % respectively for Sakha 3 and by about 28.7 and 34.5 % for Giza 12. TW increased fiber yield rate more than TF4 for two varieties Sakha 3 and Giza 12 by 2.6 and 5.3 % respectively, while decreased fiber yield rate less than TG4 by 2.9 and 6.0 % for two varieties respectively. The highest fiber length achieved by TW and TG4 with value of 90.0 cm for variety Sakha 3 and by TG4 with value of 87.0 cm for variety Giza 12. TG4 had the highest water productivity with values of 27.5 and 21.2 kg/m3 for two varieties Sakha 3 and Giza 12 respectively.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Gabriela MACRA, Florin SALA

The study evaluated the variation of some wheat production parameters, in relation to the Super Fifty foliar biostimulator, different cultivars and crop locations. Testing experiments were performed in the area of Bazos (Baz), 'Altigo' wheat cultivar, Gataia (Gat), 'Glosa' wheat cultivar, and Lovrin (Lov), 'Alex' wheat cultivar, Timis County; in the area of Caracal (Car), 'Izvor' wheat cultivar, Caracal County; and in the area of Secuieni (Sec), 'Glosa' wheat cultivar, Neamt County. The Super Fifty (SF) product, based on algae extract, was used according to the manufacturer's recommendations (BioAtlansis). Under the influence of the Super Fifty biostimulator, the production (Y) had values between 5,280.00 kg ha-1 in the conditions from Lovrin, 'Alex' cultivar, and 8,565.75 kg ha-1 in the conditions of cultivation from Bazos, 'Altigo' cultivar. The protein content (Pro) varied between 10.30% in the conditions from Secuieni, 'Glosa' cultivar, and 15.90% in the conditions from Caracal, 'Izvor' cultivar. The gluten content (Glt) varied between 20.80% in the conditions from Secuieni, 'Glosa' cultivar, and 36.50% in the conditions from Lovrin, 'Alex' cultivar. In the PCA - Correlation Matrix, PC1 explained 53.704% of variance, and PC2 explained 32.806% variance, on the values of the recorded quantitative and qualitative production parameters. Regarding the production increase (Y), the protein increase (Pro) and the gluten increase (Glt), in the PCA - Correlation Matrix, PC1 explained 69.848% of variance, and PC2 explained 27.316% variance.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Silviu BECIU, Georgiana Armenița ARGHIROIU, Maria BOBEICĂ (COLPOȘ)

This paper aimed to analyse the evolution of the pork sector in Romania, from a pig livestock trend perspective, in the context of a continuous producers struggle with the spread of African Swine Fever Virus. The research method is based on a quantitative approach, based on time data series related with pig livestock in Romania for a period of two decades. The conclusions underline a continuous negative trend of pig livestock, which has been more pronounced in the late five years, but the results of the latest international research which led to development of a vaccine, that seems to be effective against ASF virus, gives hopes that, at least for the largest pig producers, the new context will no longer force them to slaughter entire heard of pigs.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 21 ISSUE 4
Written by Boris KAIDO, Katsuhito FUYUKI

Cooperatives play a prominent role in the agricultural sector, both in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to examine the cost and profitability of direct marketing between a cooperative and its farmers member. Data were collected based on a direct face-to-face economic survey using the purposive sampling method for a case study of Alam Kerinci cooperative, the biggest arabica coffee cooperative in Kerinci Regency, Indonesia, and its farmers. Cost-profitability calculation analysis was conducted, and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to examine the differences between the inputs, variables, cost, and profitability. The results highlighted that the cooperative’s variable cost was enormous, reaching 98.15% of its total costs, and its major component was purchasing red cherry beans, with a value of 57.80%. For farmers, the largest cost was variable cost (79.51%), with hired labor as the major component, reaching 31.47%. The profitability for the cooperative and its farmers can be demonstrated by the monthly net profit, which was IDR 96,787,500 and IDR 1,714,108, respectively. This confirmed that the cooperative’s profit was larger than that of farmers. However, the farmers’ cost-benefit ratio was higher than the cooperative’s, at 0.87. The implication of this study is that farmers benefitted economically from this scheme. The study makes a novel contribution as it shows that a direct marketing scheme with the cooperative is beneficial to farmers.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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