ISSN 2284-7995, ISSN Online 2285-3952
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Adekunle Isaac ADETULA, Taiwo Timothy AMOS, Lawrence Olusola OPARINDE

This study examined the impact of improved cassava varieties’ cultivation and downside risk exposure among farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. The multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 154 respondents for the study. The analytical tools employed are descriptive statistics and Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR) model. The empirical findings revealed that the respondents who were adopters and non-adopters were in their active ages, married, with some level of formal education and mainly male. The results of the Endogenous Switching Regression model revealed that years of formal education, extension agent visit, the quantity of herbicide used, quantity of hired labour, the quantity of fertilizer used and awareness of the importance of improved cassava varieties were positive and significant in determining the adoption of improved cassava varieties. Adoption of improved cassava varieties reduced the downside risk exposure (probability of crop failure) among farmers. Adoption of improved cassava varieties can reduce the downside risk exposure (likelihood of crop failure) among farmers. Therefore, the study recommended that extension agents should be supported by both government and non-governmental organizations to visit the farmers regularly and orientate them about inputs combination that can therefore, increase the farm output and reduce the probability of crop failure.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 4
Written by Irina-Adriana CHIURCIU, Elena SOARE, Dana Maria (Oprea) CONSTANTIN, Elena GRIGORE, Elena BOGAN

This paper analyzed the evolution of the cereal sector in the North-East Region of Romania, in the period 2015-2019. In order to carry out a more realistic study, a series of quantitative indicators specific to the cereal sector were analyzed. Also, the factors that directly influenced the results obtained in this sector were highlighted. In the North-East Region, the corn crop is on the first place in the ranking of cereal crops. This culture also holds a significant place at the macro-regional level. In 2019, in the North-East Region, 464,008 ha were cultivated with corn out of a total of 966,729 ha, cultivated in Macroregion Two, which represents 48%. A significant role in the economy of the cereal sector in the North-East region is played by the wheat culture. In this region, in 2019, 25.78% of the areas related to this cereal crop registered at the level of the Macroregion Two were cultivated. The largest productions were made at the corn crop. The productions made for this crop in 2019 were differentiated at the level of the counties in this region. The increase of the productivity of all medium and long-term cereal crops will be possible if farmers adopt an agriculture, in which new technologies will occupy a central place. The data used in the paper were collected from the National Institute of Statistics.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Cristina STERIE

The Romanian village is facing demographic problems, an ageing population, low birth rates, and a lack of jobs that contribute to the depopulation of villages. The main purpose of the paper is the identification of socioeconomic problems, taking as a study the research of the commune of Tetoiu in Vâlcea County. The work is based on official data provided by the town hall of Tetoiu, as well as data provided by the National Statistical Institute, on the basis of which the following statistical indicators were calculated: standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and growth rate. The lack of qualified teachers and interest in education is a major problem in the rural environment, contributing to migration to other countries in order to secure a secure source of income and a decent living. Lack of information on access to European funds leads to a reduction in agricultural activities and a shift towards the urban environment. All these problems form a crisis of the Romanian village and lead to the fall of the villages.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Blessing Ogheneyoma EMEDE, Oluwatosin Oluwasegun FASINA

One of the current challenges facing Nigeria is food insecurity. At the moment, Nigeria occupies 96th position in the Global Food Security Index Ranking (GFSIR). One striking feature of Nigerian agriculture is unpopularity of GMCs in the fight against food insecurity. However, scientists’ knowledge of these GMCs is unknown in Nigeria, thus, making it difficult to ascertain farmers’ readiness to adopt. This study therefore ascertained Agricultural Scientists’ knowledge level in GMCs with a view to ascertaining their capability in disseminating GMCs to farmers in order to alleviate food insecurity challenge in Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 240 Scientists from Universities, Research institutions and Extension Experts from ADP/Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources across the 6 geo-political zones in Nigeria with the use of structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with use of F-test and described with frequency and percentage and Equal Interval Approach. It was observed that 59.2% of the Scientists had high knowledge of GMCs. However, there was a significant difference in the scientists’ knowledge of GMCs across agricultural zones with the F-value of 15.2; p≤ 0.05. Further results of Duncan Range test revealed that North central zone (Mean = 154) zone had the highest knowledge compared to other zones. The high knowledge of GMCs recorded among scientists therefore, becomes an entry point in using GMCs to fight food insecurity challenge in Nigeria. Thus, farmer’s readiness to adopt GMCs and cultural practices associated with their cultivation are highly depended on advice and recommendations from the Agricultural scientists in Nigeria.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Janet T. OJEDIRAN, Rasheed G. ADEOLA, Kehinde Y. OGUNLEYE, Saheed B. RAHMAN

Growth Enhancement Support Scheme (GESS) is a farm input subsidy programme introduced by the Nigerian government to assist farmers, and an assessment becomes imperative for effective and proper implementation. This study, therefore, examined farmers’ levels of participation and attitude towards GESS. Multistage sampling procedure was used to draw 260 registered farmers as respondents. Data were collected with the aid of a structured interview schedule. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the relationship between the respondents’ participation and their attitude towards GESS. Farmers’ mean age was 44 years and are mostly male with a mean household size of 5 people. Majority of the farmers enjoyed the provision of advisory services through the agro-input dealers, distribution of seeds and fertilizers. Significant relationships exist between age, household size, years spent in formal school and farmers’ level of participation in GESS. Over half of the farmers had a moderate level of participation and favourable attitude towards GESS. The government should continue the programme and address the shortcomings such as distance to redemption centres and late delivery of inputs to increase the level of participation by farmers.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 4
Written by Anna Alexandrovna LEKSINA, Ivan Sergeevich NOVIKOV, Elena Alexandrovna ALESHINA

Organic agriculture, based on natural production technologies, has a great potential for the reversion of mankind to a healthy diet and living in harmony with nature by improving the state of the ecosystem. The share of organic products in the food market of the developed countries is already quite sizable; in the top countries various institutional systems of the industry have been introduced and improved. Russian agribusiness is lagging behind in these issues but the situation should be significantly changed by the adopted law and the state standard regulating the requirements for the organic sector. Our work is an application of applying a two-sided quantitative-and-qualitative approach to the survey of existing markets from the standpoint of extant results and dynamics, on the one hand, and their organizational-and-economic structure, on the other hand. The presented conclusions are confirmed by systematized absolute and relative indicators of the number of market entities, areas of land certified for organic production, retail sales in domestic markets and consumption of organic products per capita. The qualitative characteristic of organic production systems is reflected in the description of the national characteristics of regulatory and control and supervisory support, research support, state regulation of production and turnover, and ways of doing the business under study. Our research is addressed to the world business community operating in the organic food market and industry research institutions.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Oksana APOSTOLYUK, Tetiana SHMATKOVSKA, Inna CHYKALO1, Andrew HUSAK

The article evaluates the dynamics of the main indicators of economic activity of the rural population of Volyn region, formed and highlighted trends in their development in the region and compared with neighboring regions within the Polissya economic zone of Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the intensive reduction of employment of the rural population in traditional sectors of economic activity, which leads to an increase, on the one hand, rural unemployment, and on the other – to an increase in employment in personal peasant farms. The study substantiated that employment in the personal economy turned out to be more profitable for the rural population – the income per unit of labour there is now about twice as high with twice as low labour productivity. The explanation for this is the shadow nature of production in peasant farms and the imbalance of the economic mechanism in enterprises. It is substantiated that, taking into account the number of employed persons who produced products for personal consumption in private farms, programs inefficient use not only of their labour resources, but also reduces the average industry efficiency of labour resources of the agricultural sector as a whole. Among other features of the rural labour market of Volyn region, which limits its development, we can point to the non-compact distribution of the rural population in the territory. Peculiarities of the settlement network in Volyn region are that the dominant segment of rural employment is agricultural enterprises. It was found that in the current conditions it is advisable to develop and implement a set of measures to improve demographic processes, optimize employment and improve the living standards of the rural population, which requires effective cooperation between government and research institutions, relevant authorities and interested private entities. It is proved that in the rapidly changing conditions of modern times the optimization of territorial mobility of the working population between types of employment, areas of employment, insufficient and surplus areas, adaptation of statistical information base to the specifics of rural employment to rationalize economic activity and prevent negative phenomena continue to be extremely important and acute issues in Ukraine.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Taiwo Kayode OJEDIRAN, Victor DUROJAIYE, Rasheed Gbolagade ADEOLA, Janet Temitope OJEDIRAN

A well-constructed questionnaire was used to obtain data from livestock farmers through an interview schedule (n = 220) in five local government areas in Ogbomoso, Southwest Nigeria. This study assesses the characteristics of the livestock farmers, type of livestock kept, type of feed used, energy feedstuffs used in feed compounding, quantity of feed used daily, level of awareness of cassava peel utilization as livestock feedstuff, factors affecting the utilization of the identified potential energy feedstuff and constraints to the use of cassava peel as livestock feedstuffs. The survey results revealed that the respondents were mostly part time livestock farmers, middle aged men with less than 10 years farming experience, who kept majorly poultry and pigs amongst other livestock such as goat, sheep and mini-livestock. Compounded rations were commonly used with maize as the main energy feedstuff and the quantity of feed used daily indicated that they were small-scale farmers. Majority of the respondents were aware of the potential use of cassava peel as livestock feedstuff but indicated that availability of maize and sorghum, nutrient quality and seasonality influenced their utilization while ease of use and cost were factors also considered in Ogbomoso south and Ogo Oluwa for the use of sorghum. Cost and quantity were not of serious concern for use of whole cassava in livestock feed but storability, availability and seasonality were the major factors affecting its use as energy feedstuff while nutrient quality and rate of spoilage were constraints for the use of cassava peel. It can therefore be recommended that agricultural extensionist should work together with livestock nutritionists and reorient the farmers with available research outputs that had addressed the constraints of cassava peel usage for it to compete with maize as an energy feedstuff.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 3
Written by Agatha POPESCU, Toma Adrian DINU, Elena STOIAN, Valentin SERBAN

The paper analyzed honey production concentration in Romania in the period 2009-2018 using the specific indicators: number of beekeepers, bee hives, honey production and yield per bee hive, and methods like: trend equation, Herfindhal-Hirschman concentration index (HHI), regression models, correlations and determination coefficients to examine the gains in comparison with the period 2007-2016. The results pointed out that both the number of bee colonies and honey production increased in a high measure, only honey yield remained stable (20 kg/year). In 2018, Romania came on important positions in the EU-28 top honey producing countries as follows: 2nd position for 1,689.5 thousand bee hives, 1st position for 30,000 tons honey production, 3rd position for 80 average number of bee hives per apiary, and 18th position for 20 kg honey yield per bee hive. In 2018, the distribution of the bee hives and honey production in the territory was: 18.5% South West Oltenia, 16.2% South East, 14.6% North West, 13.6% South Muntenia, 13.3 % North East, 12% Center, 10.6% West and 1.2% Bucharest-Ilfov. Compared to 2009, honey production increased in 2018 in almost all the micro-regions, except North East, where it remained stable. HHI indices had values below 0.15 reflecting a low concentration. Compared to the period 2007-2016, in the interval 2009-2018, the mean for the number of bee hives and honey production increased, the correlation and determination coefficients recorded higher values for the pair of indicators: honey production and the number of bee hives and for the honey production and yield, while for the average yield and the number of bee hives the values were smaller. Regression equations attested that honey production is about 50% determined by the number of bee hives and in smaller proportion by honey yield. Beekeeping has to continue to develop for assuring the pollination of the agricultural crops, the preservation of biodiversity and environment and for providing healthy products for consumers, jobs and incomes for the rural population. The EU and National Programmes for Apiculture will strengthen this sector keeping pace with the increased competitiveness on the EU honey market.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 20 ISSUE 4
Written by Filiz BASAGAOGLU

In this study, there are many influential indicators on the milk producer price which are 4 separate functions: milk production, maize price, clover prices and straw price. This study explores the application of the VAR analysis approach to time series data of producer milk prices covering the period from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2019. The data were taken from the database of the Turkish Statistical Institute. One-way causality relation at 5% level of significance towards milk producer price denoted clover price were detected. In this case, it is possible to say that there is a link between milk producer price and clover price. VAR analysis results show milk production, maize price, clover price and straw price effects on milk producer price.

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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