ISSN 2284-7995, ISSN Online 2285-3952
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 18 ISSUE 2
Written by Ion CERTAN

Global economic liberalization, progress in the means of transport, the revolution in the communication system have contributed to the acceleration of the economic value chain, including the agro-alimentary ones, in other words internationalization and globalization of human activity. We subscribe in the opinion of Ion Stanciu who states that "there are two ways to approach quality" A "and" Z ". If the quality in the "A" approach is considered a technical function, then the "Z" approach is conceptualized as a management system. This situation urges us to amplify and intensify the study of the factors influencing the quality management of agro-food products in the hope that we will suggest some proposals regarding the increase of the quality of the agro-food products and ensuring the competitiveness of the agricultural sector in the value chain specific to the conditions of internationalization and globalization of human activity.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 16 ISSUE 4
Written by Agatha POPESCU

The paper analyzed the dynamics of bovine meat live stock, production, live weight at slaughter, carcass weight, beef and veal consumption, beef supply, export and import and trade balance of Romania in the period 2007-2015 using the empirical data provided by the National Institute of Statistics. The analysis led to important conclusions. Beef comes on the 3rd position after poultry meat an pork in Romania. Beef production declined and so that imports were needed to cover the gap between production and consumption. The decline of the bovine live stock is the main cause as farmers are facing with high farm inputs prices and receive a low farm gate price per kg live weight. In the structure of the slaughtered bovines cows represent over 50 %, fattened steers 25 % and other categories ( bulls, heifers, calves etc). The average live weight and quality at slaughter is lower compared to other EU countries. The slaughter rate is less than 50 %. Only 26 % of bovines are slaughtered in industrial specialized units, where the fattened steers of high quality and over 400-430 kg live weight per head are usually slaughtered. Beef consumption is low as pork and poultry meat are preferred by consumers and beef price is too high. Romania is a net exporter of bovine meat, but the highest share in the export structure belongs to bovine live weight (84.4%). In 2020, it is expected as bovine live weight at slaughter to reach 235 thousand tons for an annual growth of 7 thousand tons. To develop meat production it is needed to create farmers associations, to raise meat breeds and apply modern fattening technologies.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 17 ISSUE 2
Written by Dana Maria (OPREA) CONSTANTIN, Elena BOGAN, Elena GRIGORE, Marina Aurelia ANTONESCU

The maize is a culture of strategic importance for a country’s agriculture. The productivity of the maize crop has significant fluctuations from year to year because of the climate variability, but mostly because of the occurrence of extreme weather events. The aim of this paper is to analyze and correlate the agro-climatic resources with the agrocultural production from the agricultural year 2011 – 2012, in the context of the present and predicted climate changes. The study area is the Central Bărăgan Plain. This area is located in a zone where dryness and drought phenomena are produced and are growing in frequency from the West and South-West to the East and North-East, in accordance with the degree of dryness. Taking into account the precipitation amounts, the agricultural year 2011 – 2012 was a year with a dry pluviometric regime. Therefore, the vegetation stage of the maize crop was medium and weak, in general, resulting an average maize production per hectare lower than in the previous years. Knowing the climate conditions and their impact on the main components of an agricultural system, of the level of yields and quality of the crops provides the possibility to reduce losses by respecting the adequate agricultural technologies.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 4
Written by Agatha POPESCU

main countries of tourist interest. In the period 1980-2012, the tourism income increased 10.14 times. In 2012, it accounted for USD Billion 1,075, to which Europe contributed by 42.58 %, Asia and the Pacific by 30.13 % and the Americas by 19.77 %. The USA, Spain, France, China, Macau, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, Hong Kong and Australia are the top 10 countries according to the receipts, earning USD Billion 508.8, which represented 47.55 % of the world tourism income in 2012. The European countries with the highest contribution to tourism revenue are: Spain 12.21 %, France 11.72 %, Italy 8.99 %, Germany 8.32 %, United Kingdom 7.94 %, Turkey 5.60 %, Austria 4.12 %, Switzerland 3.62 %, Sweden 3.36 % and The Netherlands 3.03 %. Their contribution to Europe tourism receipts was 68.97 % in 2012. As a conclusion, international tourism is a very dynamic field of activity with a high contribution to the development of the world economy.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 4
Written by Agatha POPESCU

The paper purpose was the purpose to analyze the flow of international tourists in the period 1980-2012 uisng the empirical data provided by UNWTO. In 2012, tourist arrivals reached 1,035 and in 2030 it is expected to exceed 1,800 million. The market share of main geographical regions in 2012 was the following one: Europe 51.61 %, Asia and the Pacific 22.57 %, the Americas 15.75 %, Africa 5.06 % and the Middle East 5.01 %. The top 10 countries receiving tourists and their market share at world level was the following one: France 8.21 %, the USA 6.63 %, China 5.71 %, Spain 5.71 %, Italy 4.59 %, Turkey 3.53 %, Germany 3 %, United Kingdom 2.90 %, Russia 2.54 %, Malayezia 2.47 %. All these 10 countries were visited by 457.9 million tourists in 2012, representing 45.75 % of the world tourist arrivals. Europe is the main source of international tourists, supplying over 50 % of the world tourists, followed by Asia and the Pacific with 23 %, the Americas with 17 %, the Middle East with 3 % and Africa with 3 %. Europe generates the most important tourism flows

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 3
Written by Agatha POPESCU, Reta CONDEI

The paper aimed to present several criteria for dairy farms classification using a sample of 8 dairy farms from the Southern Romania whose data were collected for the year 2013. The most important indicator characterizing farm efficiency and size is milk yield because it is has a direct impact on gross margin or profit. Milk production cost should be also taken into account, as it is has a negative impact on the financial results. The application of the point method placed twofarms on the top position: F5 and F3, each one getting 45 points for the criteria taken into account. However, the farm F5 came on the 1st position for milk yield, marketed milk yield, gross product from milk, total gross product per cow and year and gross margin/cow/year and on the 7th position for variable costs, while the farms F3 came on the 3rd position for milk yield and variable cost, on the 2nd position for gross product from milk, total gross product per cow and year, and standard gross margin, and on the 1st position for heifer cost and own mechanical works as well. As a conclusion, dairy farmers should keep under control all the production cost items looking for measures to reduce costs as much as they can without affecting yield performance. Under an increased competition, farmers should pay attention to all the factors stimulating the growth of milk yield, as the higher milk production, the higher financial results.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 18 ISSUE 1
Written by Agatha POPESCU

The purpose of the paper was to analyze the dynamics of the world silk production, export, import and trade balance in the period 2012-2016 and to identify the trends and estimate the forecast for the horizon 2017-2021, based on the data supplied by ISC, ITC and UN COMTRADE and using the modern specific methods. The world silk production accounted for 192,692.45 Metric tonnes in the year 2016, being 1.26 times higher than in 2012. China and India produced 97.94 % of the world silk production. The most traded products worldwide are woven fabrics, raw silk on thrown, silk waste, silk yarn and yarn spun from silk waste, despite that it was registered a decline of the exported and imported quantities, because of the increased demand on the domestic markets of the main producers. The silk export value was USD 2,149 Million in 2016, by 31.49 % less than in 2012. The highest share in the world export value belong to woven fabrics, raw silk non thrown, silk yarn and yarn spun from silk waste, which together cumulated 95.77 %. The top silk exporters and China (53.9%), Italy (13.4 %), India (4.2 %), Romania (4 %), France (3.7 %), all together totalizing 79.2 % in the world silk export value. The world silk import value was USD 1,785 Million in 2016, by 29.21 % less than in 2012.The highest share in the world silk import value is kept by woven fabrics (56.13 %), raw silk non thrown (22.51%), and silk yarn (12.85%) which together totalize 91.49 %. The world top silk importers are: Italy (18.3 %), India (11.6%), Japan (7%), Romania (6.4 %), Vietnam (6.3 %), USA (5.7 %), France (4.4 %), Rep. Korea ( 3.9 %), Hong Kong China (3.3 %), China (3.2 %) and Germany (3%), all together accounting for 73.1 % of the world silk export value. The silk trade balance reached USD 354.3 Million in 2016, by 41.08 lees than in 2012. The main exporting and producing countries registered a negative trade balance, except China which had a positive balance. Silk price varied from a product to another, in relation to the demand/offer ratio. Woven fabrics, raw silk non thrown and silk yarn have the highest export price, while raw silk non thrown and silk yarn have the highest import price. In the horizon 2017-2021, it is expected as silk production to grow, but the export and import to decline due to the higher and higher requirement in the domestic markets of the producing countries.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 15 ISSUE 4
Written by Naoko OKA, Takeru HIGASHIMAKI, D.D.Prabath WITHARANA, Mekonnen B.WAKEYO

In the dry zone of Sri Lanka, climate change is predicted to exert a severe impact on paddy cultivation. Paddy is cultivated with irrigation water from reservoirs called “tanks”, and decisions regarding water distribution from tanks are made by farmers in cultivation meetings which are held before cultivation seasons. In this study we focused on the bethma practice and other field crops cultivation which are potentially adaptation measures to climate change, but are not actively applied. This study tries to find constraints on applying bethma practice and other field crops (OFC) cultivation for better adaptation to climate change. We investigated the current status of bethma practice and of OFC cultivation, the reasons for the decline of bethma, and the manner in which farmers arrive at a consensus on water and land use. For the investigation we used survey data and observation of a cultivation meeting in a study area. We found that bethma is rarely applied at present and the reason is largely based on human perception of dislike of bethma, due to the unfairness in sharing responsibility in land use. This results in not only the decline of bethma but also disagreement on cultivating OFC with tank water. The lack of mechanism to arrive at a consensus between owners of suitable land and land users is a key constraint to practicing OFC using tank water. When farmers try to adapt climate change through water and land management or OFC cultivation, a new mechanism is necessary to ensure fairness in sharing responsibility for land use.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 18 ISSUE 1
Written by Chidinma Gladys ANYANWU

The study analyzed cassava farmers’ adoption and utilization of cassava production technologies in Imo State, Nigeria. Purposive and multi-stage random sampling techniques were used to select one hundred and twenty (120) cassava farmers. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics such as: frequency counts, mean scores and percentages. The result revealed that 60% of the respondents were males, with mean ages of 51.2 years, 35% acquired secondary education, mean farming experience of 26.7 years, mean annual farm income of ₦278, 275.00 and extension contact (X ̅ = 2.2) times in a month. Result reveals that farmers adopted cassava agronomic practices as; improved cassava cuttings (X ̅ =4.7), ridge/mound making technologies practices (X ̅ = 4.6), site selection /land clearing and weeding interval technologies (X ̅ = 4.3), pest and disease control (X ̅ =4.2) and planting dates and time of harvest (X ̅ =3.9) with a grand mean adoption score of 4.3. The farmers also adopted intercrop technologies as; cassava/maize/egusi (X ̅ =4.3) and cassava/maize/telferia and cassava value addition (X ̅ =4.2) with a grand mean adoption of 3.4. The levels of utilization of cassava production technologies on agronomic practices indicate that the respondents utilized site selection/land clearing and ridge/mound making (X ̅ =2.8), improved cassava cuttings, fertilizer application and weeding technologies (X ̅ =2.7) and pest and disease control and planting spacing (X ̅ =2.4) with grand mean utilization score of 2.6. The farmers also utilized intercrop technologies as; cassava/maize/egusi technologies (X ̅ =2.9), cassava value addition technologies (X ̅ =2.5) with grand mean utilization score of 2.1. High wage rate, lack of credit, technology attributes, inadequate land and pest and diseases infestation were serious constraints affecting adoption and utilization of cassava production technologies. Increased extension contact, access on improved varieties and subsidy on farm inputs were advocated for adoption and utilization of cassava production technologies in the study area.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 18 ISSUE 3
Written by Alberto MIRANDA CHAVARRIA, Werner RODRÍGUEZ, Carlos SABORÍO-VIQUEZ

The pineapple crop represents the most important agricultural activity in Costa Rica, from the economic point of view, represents 32% of agricultural exports. The sowing area is estimated at 58,000 hectares. However, this activity generates a considerable amount of biomass in the order of 340 metric tons per hectare, of which 26% corresponds to fruit and 74% to organic agricultural waste (OAW), so called pineapple stubble. This is a generator of environmental problems because it is not treated adequately in the field, where it is opted for the use of herbicides to cause its degradation and then incorporate it into the soil, a practice that has generated problems of contamination of groundwater and the pest of the stable fly Stomoxys Calcitrans. The stubble of the pineapple has the highest energy potential, within the OAW that are generated in the agricultural activity in the country as mentioned by Coto in 2013. The use of pineapple stubble juice was evaluated as a substrate for biodigestion in mesophilic conditions, using the Hohenheim methodology with volumes of 100 ml and in 6 liters CSTD biodigesters. Three types of substrate were evaluated: 100% stubble juice, a mixture of 90% juice and 10% cow manure and a mixture of 80% juice and 20% cow manure. The substrate of 100% pure pineapple stubble juice showed the best performance in biogas production. In the Hohenheim test the accumulated production was 320 ml, while the 9010 mixture produced 280 ml and the mixture 80 -20 produced 250 ml. In the CSTD reactor test, the substrate 100% stubble juice had an accumulated production of 170 liters; the 90-10 mixture produced 60 liters. The 80-20 mixture collapsed from day 20, ceasing gas production. The behavior of the pH and the FOS/TAC test showed stable behavior during the process in all cases. It was demonstrated that pure stubble juice is a good substrate for the biodigestion process; with which the technology of anaerobic biodigestion is presented as an important alternative for the use of this kind of OAW.

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Vol. 24 - Issue 4

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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