ISSN 2284-7995, ISSN Online 2285-3952
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 3
Written by Kingsley Chukwuemeka OBIKE, Charles Kelechukwu OSONDU, Christopher Ogbonna EMEROLE

The study examined contributions of microfinance institutions to economic efficiency of cassava farmers in Abia state, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling technique was adopted in collecting cross sectional data on a sample size of 240 respondents (120 MFI beneficiaries and 120 non beneficiaries). Primary Data was collected by administering questionnaire on cassava farmers. The result showed that economic efficiency of MFI beneficiaries was influenced by wage rate, price of fertilizer and adjusted Y (output), while wage rate, price of fertilizer and price of cassava cutting s are variables that influenced economic efficiency of non beneficiaries. The t – test analysis confirmed that MFI beneficiaries had higher economic efficiency advantage compared with non beneficiaries. It is recommended that government agricultural policy should take positive steps to reduce interest rate to encourage MFI efforts in providing the necessary platform to encourage higher efficiency in cassava production in Abia state, Nigeria.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 18 ISSUE 2
Written by Axel WOLZ, Judith MÖLLERS, Marius Mihai MICU

Since the collapse of the socialist regime, Romania’s farm structure is characterised by a bi-modal pattern; i.e. there are almost three million farms farming, on average, less than two hectares and less than 10% of total utilised agricultural area (UAA) on the one side and about 13,000 farms cultivating more than 100 hectares each and about one half of national UAA on the other. Most smallholders rely on subsistence farming as a survival strategy. They might barter and sell any surplus. In such a situation, it may be assumed that they unite and cooperate among each other to improve their situation, as it has been observed in many other parts of the world. However, in Romania as in many other post-socialist economies, farmers are reluctant to form or join formal organisations of mutual assistance, like cooperatives or producer groups. In this contribution, we want to discuss the major bottlenecks why farmers are hesitant to commit themselves to formal modes of collaboration. This analysis is based on an own survey, updated by a literature review, statistics and key informant interviews.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 17 ISSUE 2
Written by Bahri KARLI, Fidan Merve KART, Mevlut GUL, Metin Göksel AKPINAR

Cotton is a strategically important plant, widely grown in 53 countries in the world with a wide area of uses. It is an industrial plant of high economic value with a lot of direct and indirect use in different sectors. Therefore, it provides important contributions to the development of a region or the country in terms of both employment and added value to overall economy. According to the International Cotton Advisory Committee's report on 2015/2016, Turkey ranks ninth in the cotton plantation area, eighth in cotton production, second in cotton yield, fourth in cotton import and fourth in cotton consumption in the world. Cotton is mainly grown in South-eastern Anatolia, Çukurova, Antalya and Aegean regions. In recent years, although the planting area has diminished, production has increased with yield. As Turkish textile industry grew after 1980s, the need for cotton in the textile production has expanded. This lead to decrease in cotton exports and increase in cotton imports. As a matter of fact, Turkey, which is a net cotton exporter until 1991, has become a net importer since 1992. About 48 thousand tons of fiber cotton was exported worth 76 million dollars in 2015, while 803 thousand tons of fiber cotton was imported with 1.24 billion worth. About 2.16 million tonnes of cotton were produced on 416 thousand hectares of land in 2016. When looked at the different regions, it can easily be seen that Şanlıurfa province has an important potential in cotton production. Şanlıurfa province accounted for 43.3% of Turkey's cotton plantations and 40.5% of its production in 2016. In this study, the development of cotton production cost and profitability in the case of Şanlıurfa province where significant cotton production was realized in Turkey was analysed. The data was obtained from the Şanlıurfa Provincial Directorate of Food, Agriculture and Livestock. The dataset covers the period 1996-2016.The cost of cotton production per hectare was calculated as 6,447 TL in 1996 and 6,289 TL in 2016 in real prices. There was a decrease in the cotton production cost. The most important cost elements were land rent and harvest-marketing. The relative profit was calculated as 1.78 for 2016. It can be concluded that it is important to ensure the sustainability of cotton production. The proper treatment of land, the appropriate seed variety, the use of adequate amounts of fertilizer, the correct application of the irrigation and the effective fighting of plant diseases are important factors for sustainability.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 18 ISSUE 2
Written by Mevlüt GÜL, Beyza BAYRAKLI, Bahri KARLI, Metin Göksel AKPINAR

In this study, the aim was determined the garlic production cost and profitability of farmers in Kastamonu province. The data were obtained from 105 farmers surveyed. Data belonged to the 2014 production period. According to findings, garlic cultivation area in the average of farmers was 1.13 hectares. The garlic area accounted for 18.2% of total farmland. The level of education of farmers was usually primary school. The average garlic yields per hectare for farmers were 8,208 kg. Farmers were doing garlic producing for more than 22 years. N fertiliser use was about 187 kg per hectare, P amounted to 151 kg, and K was calculated as 105 kg per hectare. 1412 hours workforce per hectare was used for garlic production. Machine power use was calculated as 25 hours per hectare. The 80.84% of the total labour force was hired labour force. The production cost of 1 kg of garlic was calculated as 3.22 TRY. The 20% of farmers were not got profit from garlic production.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 18 ISSUE 1
Written by Maria-Mihaela ANTOFIE, Camelia SAND SAVA

The dynamic of crops domestication and use of edible wild plant species is well documented worldwide. The diversity of plant species used for food, changed during humankind history and lot of researchers pointed out the danger of species erosion that may negatively impact food security. The trade of crops is regulated at the international level and as a secondary effect is the promotion of new breed varieties. Today the scientific community is talking about neglected species and old varieties not eligible for trade and consequently removed from the today diet without taking into consideration the fact that their presence in the same agro-ecosystem for more than 50 years, increases their capacity to adapt to climate change effects. Therefore, huge efforts should be done to re-assessing our conservation strategies for breeding crops. At the European level it is already recognized the term “varieties under conservation”, that allows members states to maintain old varieties and landraces under specific conditions. The scope of this article is to evaluate the official status of conservation of Triticum ssp. in our country by taking into account the history of cultivation and breeding programmes. At least 6 edible fossilized wheat species were found in human settlements for more than 6,000 years (i.e.: T. aestivum, T. dicoccoides, T. dicoccum, T. durum, T. monococcum and T. spelta). If einkorn and emmer wheat were common between Neolithic and Middle Age, today they are almost absent. Only six varieties of bread wheat are today officially recognized as “varieties under conservation”, a series of more than 50 old varieties breed after 1927 being not yet officially recorded.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 17 ISSUE 2
Written by Cristiana SIRBU

The paper aimed to present the European territorial cooperation with an important role in removing obstacles and stimulating cross-border cooperation. More than a third of EU citizens live and work in border regions of Europe. Borders have an impact both directly and indirectly on their lives. Euro-regions consist of sub-regional cooperation which contributes to the development of economic and social cohesion of the geographical border areas including administrative units in neighbouring states and non-EU states. Cooperation in this framework is to create permanent direct links between regions and communities on either side of the border state under the powers of local authorities and in accordance with national legislation.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 17 ISSUE 4
Written by Rozalin YANEV

The article provides a brief overview of the opportunities provided by the joint development of cultural tourism in the Balkan Peninsula region. It is proposed to develop some routes as a product of cross-border cooperation. Attention is directed to the Thracian-Illyrian cultural heritage. The Thracian-Illyrian tribes have participated in the genesis of all Balkan nations. Their heritage provides an opportunity to create a single regional Balkan emitting and receiving market for cultural tourism. Specific routes will be mentioned on the residences of the Odrysians and Satrae, Dacians and Getae, Paeonians and Dardani, who through cross-border cooperation projects could become attractive tourist products.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 17 ISSUE 4
Written by Ivan KILIMPEROV

The niche market of rural and agricultural tourism in Bulgaria is underdeveloped, although our country has excellent natural and anthropogenic resources for their development. The rich cultural and historical heritage, the wellpreserved nature, the centuries-old traditions and culinary development create prerequisites for a unique rural tourism product. There are also opportunities to create an integrated tourist service based on rural tourism to contribute to some competitive advantages of destination Bulgaria. A key problem in this direction is the low level of popularity of rural and agricultural tourism in Bulgaria. This is complemented by the relatively low level of professional (theoretical) qualification of those who offer rural tourist services. Reserves to overcome this problem can be found in the creation of training demonstration centers. The goal of the paper is to determine the status and opportunities for development and promotion of rural and agricultural tourism in Bulgaria. For the purpose of screening have been used methods such as analysis, synthesis, monitoring and some statistical methods. To sum up, the following conclusions can be made: 1) Bulgaria has the necessary resources and opportunities for development of rural and agricultural tourism; 2) The development of rural tourism in Bulgaria is at a relatively good level; 3) There is a diversity with regard to the accommodation facilities, but this diversity is missing in terms of the services offered; 4) reserves can be sought in improving the quality of the services offered as well as of the accommodation facilities typical for rural tourism] 5) The promotion of the rural tourism product in the country can be achieved by means of developing demonstration centers

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 18 ISSUE 4
Written by Maria TĂNASE

Dodder species affect several thousand hectares in Romania, cutting crops,that is why they became a major economic concern, especially for lucerne, clover, potato, pasture, meadow crops [3]. The impact ranges from moderate loss to severe reduction in plant growth and in some cases, even the death of the host plant, and the severity of the infestation depends largely on the stage of development of the host plants at the initial fixation of the steam [20]. Cuscuta epithymum L. is the most widespread species in the entire analysis, on the territory of the counties Sibiu and Brasov, as well as the parasite on most host plant species. Dodder is a particularly dangerous and harmful quarantine plant, it produces a general disruption of metabolism in the plants they parasite, from which it absorbs organic and inorganic nutrients, weakens and prevents the growth and development of host plants, which leads to their death.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 3
Written by Tsvetana HARIZANOVA-METODIEVA

The purpose of the study was to explore differences between dairy cattle farmers in Bulgaria, according to certain factors. Information about the social characteristics of the farmers (educational level, gender, and age), and about the farm characteristics (number of cows in the main herd, average milk yield, and the rate of return on investment) was collected. Sixty percent of the farmers were up to 50 years of age. Fifty percent of the farmers had had a secondary education and the rest had gained a university degree. The study found that only one of the 20 farmers was a woman. It was found that the group of farmers with a university degree had lower average age than the group of farmers with secondary school. There was no significant difference in the rate of return between the two groups of farms in terms of the effectiveness of the farm. The difference in the number of cows in the main herd was not significant too. The research identified a need for additional training for farmers in order to reduce their dependence on hired workers. It was found that farmers attend basic courses in the field of agriculture and livestock breeding in order to fill the gap between the existing levels of knowledge of farmers and the necessary skills for the effective management of dairy farms.

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