ISSN 2284-7995, ISSN Online 2285-3952
 

Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 3
Written by Marius BIBU, Mariana DUMITRU

The paper aims to study the main aspects related to using Hydrogen as fuel in thermal engines, the advantages and disadvantages of using it as fuel and the technical posibilities of adjusting it, Hydrogen used as supplement at the main fuel and Hydrogen used as working fluid. As a perspective, it can be considered using Hydrogen as thermical agent in a closed energetic flux with thermo- chemical compression of Hydrogen in a hybrid heat changer, based on the heat of burning products of thermical engines. The experiments made showed that using such a way of using the heat of burning products of turbo engines can assure the increase of power and efficiency of the whole instalation with 20 %, which make us consider Hydrogen as a viable and advantageous alternative of fuel to be used in turbo engines and other engines.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 17 ISSUE 2
Written by Aurel LUP, Liliana MIRON, Indira Deniz ALIM

The crop yields’ index – aka the agricultural output per unit area (hectares – ha) of cultivated land – is the best and most synthetic tool for analysing the agricultural sector’s technological level and/or its overall competitiveness. In this regard, Romania is a truly special case. Before WW2, the country’s main crop yields were largely comparable to those of other European countries. After the war, Romania invested greatly in its agriculture as it was finding it increasingly difficult to keep pace with the most agriculturally advances nations in Western Europe. Yet, rather than diminishing, the gap registered with regard to crop yields per hectare grew increasingly larger. At present, the cereal crop yields per hectare in Romania compares negatively to agriculturally advanced countries in Western Europe reaching only between 3-4 tonnes/ha. Aware of this dire situation, Romanian specialists proceeded to draft agricultural strategies that made the higher productivity yields envisaged wholly dependent on the proper allocation of inputs to this end. This paper is a synthesis of the studies and strategies carried out over the past decades aiming to meet a host of envisaged performance indicators in the area of crop yields/agricultural outputs per unit area (ha) of cultivated land. Rehabilitating irrigation systems while observing the existing environmental protection measures in place, doubling (at least) the quantities of chemical fertilizers used to this end and solving a host of apparently intractable management issues are the main factors that may help with reaching such indicators.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 17 ISSUE 4
Written by Petrică ŞTEFAN, Stefan MANN, Gina FINTINERU

In this paper we seek to analyze the level of wine production and rural tourism in Switzerland. The various factors in wine production and their functions represented the different segments, their links and the global values and identified the added value for each segment of the value chain. 443 respondents were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique and interviewed using structured questionnaires, informal interviews and observation techniques to obtain primary results. This resulted using the functionality and analysis. The work concluded that Switzerland, although having a small agricultural area, the surface cultivated with vines is relatively significant (over 15,000 hectares). Also, production of more than 1 million hectoliters per year is destined for self-consumption, the exports representing only about 1% of total production.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 18 ISSUE 3
Written by Luminita VISAN, Radiana-Maria TAMBA-BEREHOIU, Ciprian Nicolae POPA, Silvana Mihaela DANAILA-GUIDEA

Stilbenes are non-flavonoid phenolic compounds that are synthesized in the form of monomers and oligomers of numerous plant species, including the Vitaceae family. The interest of researchers in stilbenes is due to their many biological activities, including the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases associated with aging. More than 100 stilbenes have been identified in black grapes and red wine; of these, E-resveratrol is the most interesting compound due to its biological activities in vitro and in vivo. The effect of resveratrol on health (protection against cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer prevention, cellular aging, antioxidant effect, anti-tumor protection, etc.) was highlighted in the early 1990s, when a connection between red wine consumption and positive effects of resveratrol in the human body.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 18 ISSUE 4
Written by Mariana DUMITRU

The paper presents studies and researches made on machines performance, which is one of the most important component of the economic performance of a farm. We made measurements for determination of work quality and energetic index for tractors, considering that tractors are the main energetic power used in modern agriculture anywhere, that is why the improving of the quality and energetic index of tractors and machines is very important. The aim of the research is to improve power performances and to increase the efficiency of tractors and agricultural machines. The productivity is one of the most significant characteristics of tractors and agricultural machines, especially of harvesting machines, which are the most important machines for harvesting cereals. We wanted to emphasize that designing and making these complex agricultural machines has much evolved in the last years, from the productivity point of view and from the design and interior comfort as well.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 14 ISSUE 3
Written by Casiana MIHU., Ani.oara DUMA-COPCEA, L. NI.A, Olimpia Alina IORDANESCU

Since ancient times, man has been preoccupied with knowledge of the origin and composition of the Earth, the great variety of rocks and minerals from which it is made. Over time, the Earth's surface has undergone major changes, changes due largely to various processes and climate phenomena that have succeeded in over millions of years. The term geological processes formed the rock new mineral deposits, which led ultimately to change the soil composition. The feedstock mineral soil resulting transformation is known as the parent rock or mother rock. In soils, rock or parent material, begins where biotic factor intervenes not exactly the depth at which the influence of living organisms (whether microorganisms, animals or roots, disappears. It is therefore the depth at which the content of organic matter is insignificant in terms of fertility of the soil. In the formation and spread of the mineral part of the soil, the first attempts were as starting point pedogenetical one or more factors, which led to a multiplicity of concepts and formulations. Among the first who realized pedologists such studies included the N. FLOREA, stating in 1985 that the formation of soil cover, in addition to pedogenesis processes involved and some geological processes that interfere with the formation of soil cover and they called processes pedogeological. To explain the genesis of soils and for determining their time evolution, both in natural conditions and in terms of their use by humans, it is necessary to analyze the specific and coordinated actions of all the factors involved in these processes (by Gh. IANOS and et Al., 1995).

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 17 ISSUE 2
Written by Mihai BERCA, Roxana HOROIAŞ, Gabriel PĂSCUŢ

To produce one ton of wheat, the crop consumes an amount of 22- 26 kg N, depending on the variety (protein content), but also on the climatic conditions, influencing the assimilation of chlorophyll. In Romania, the nitrogen is commonly applied in two forms: nitrates and urea. Less often, nitrogen solutions are used. For more than 7 years, agricultural practice, looking to increase the efficiency of agricultural nitrogen nutrition, publicly raises the issue regarding the most effective form of nitrogen for the wheat crop and its quality. This subject is also current for the European agriculture. For a long time it has been considered that the difference between the two forms of fertilization, at the same amount of active substance, is insignificant. Recent researches conducted in Europe (France, Germany, England) have statistically demonstrated that nitrogen as nitrate is superior to urea, at the same dose of nitrogen, with about 500 kg wheat/ha and up to 0.7% protein content. At the same time, ammonium nitrate is up to 50% less polluting than urea. Burnas Plain research, carried out during 2014-2016 with two wheat varieties, Arnold and Adesso, with nitrogen doses from 0 to 200 kg/ha, have highlighted the superiority of ammonium nitrate, with increases of 3.1-5.1 q/ha, at higher doses to Arnold variety. The differences in ammonium nitrate favour are smaller for Adesso variety, namely 1.4 q/ha, regardless of dosage. The protein content brought in addition by nitrate is 0.36% for Arnold and 0.56 for Adesso variety. In average for the two varieties, yield gain variation is between 2.25 q/ha (N40) and 3.31 q/ha (N200), while the protein increase brought by nitrate is 0.35% at N40 and 0.47% at N200.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 18 ISSUE 1
Written by Anișoara DUMA COPCEA, Casiana MIHUT, Daniel POPA

Research goal was to gather data regarding soil tillage, operations with agricultural implements and machines to alter soil features and to guide vegetation factors (water, air, heat, nutrients and biological activity) thus developing optimum conditions for crop development. Research objective was unconventional soil tillage on vertisol. Soil tillage has been integrant part of agriculture since times immemorial and it has helped preparing the germination bed, reducing soil compaction (to increase soil aeration and improve root system development), reducing weeding, incorporating fertilisers and amendments, and managing plant debris.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 18 ISSUE 1
Written by Anișoara DUMA COPCEA, Radu ILEA, Daniel POPA

Sustainable development is managing and conserving basic natural resources and choosing to make technological and institutional changes to meet human needs for current and future generations. Assessing the negative effects of ploughing such as practiced in intensive agriculture generated the idea of reducing the number of works – minimum tillage – and even of totally removing it – no tillage.

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Published in Scientific Papers. Series "Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and rural development", Vol. 17 ISSUE 4
Written by Silviu BECIU, Georgiana Armenița ARGHIROIU, Georgiana Melania COSTAICHE, Anișoara CHIHAIA

This paper aimed to analyse the evolution of world trade with meat and to evaluate the Romania's position and recent evolution in the EU and world trade with meat. The research method is based on a quantitative approach, based on national and international time data series with trade. The results indicated significant changes in the world trade with meat for the main meat trade importing and exporting countries. Romania was a net importer country for meat products, being in the last years an important export market for the EU countries.

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Vol. 24 - Issue 4

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© 2019 To be cited: Scientific Papers. Series “Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development“.

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